Mapangidwe apamwamba a PCB ndi Msonkhano: Zida Zofunika

Magulu osindikizira apamwamba kwambiri(PCBs) ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza matelefoni, makina a radar, kulumikizana opanda zingwe, komanso kukonza kwa data kothamanga kwambiri. Kuchita kwa ma PCBwa kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zida zomwe zasankhidwa kuti zipangidwe ndi kusonkhanitsa. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zinthu zoyambirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapangidwe apamwamba a PCB ndi kusonkhana, kutsindika makhalidwe awo ndi ubwino.

• Zida Zoyambira: Zomwe zili m'munsizi zimapanga maziko a PCB yothamanga kwambiri ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira mphamvu zake zamagetsi. Zina mwazinthu zotsogola zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pama PCB othamanga kwambiri ndi monga:
• FR-4: An chuma ndi ambiri ntchito epoxy utomoni fiberglass gulu, FR-4 amapereka makina abwino ndikukhazikika kwamafuta.Komabe, zakedielectric nthawi zonse(Dk) ndidissipation factor(Df) ikhoza kukhala yosakwanira pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri.
• Rogers Materials: Rogers amadziwika chifukwa cha zida zake za dielectric zapamwamba, monga RT/Duroid. Zidazi zimakhala ndi ma dielectric constant (Dk) ndi ma dissipation factor (Df), zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma PCB othamanga kwambiri.
• Zida za Taconic: Taconic imapereka zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito dielectric, monga PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone) ndi polyimide, zomwe zimapereka kutentha kwabwino kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa Df, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwa maulendo apamwamba kwambiri.

• Zipangizo Zoyendetsa: Kusankhidwa kwa zida zoyendetsera ndikofunikira pamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a PCB pomwe amazindikira momwe dera limayendera, kukana, komanso kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha. Zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama PCB othamanga kwambiri ndi monga:
• Copper: Copper ndiye chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komansokusungitsa ndalama. Komabe, kukana kwake kumachulukirachulukira, kotero kuti zigawo zamkuwa zocheperako zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri.
• Golide: Golide amadziwika chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwake komanso kutsika kochepa, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera ma PCB othamanga kwambiri. Zimaperekanso zabwinokukana dzimbirindi durability. Komabe, golide ndi wokwera mtengo kuposa mkuwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ntchito zotsika mtengo.
• Aluminiyamu: Aluminiyamu ndi chisankho chocheperako pa ma PCB othamanga kwambiri koma amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zomwe kulemera ndi mtengo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ma conductivity ake ndi otsika kuposa mkuwa ndi golidi, zomwe zingafunike kulingalira kowonjezera pakupanga.
• Zida zamagetsi: Zipangizo za dielectric ndizofunikira pakutchingira ma conductive pa PCB ndipo ndizofunikira pakuzindikira mphamvu zamagetsi za PCB. Zina mwazinthu zapamwamba za dielectric zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma PCB othamanga kwambiri ndi monga:
• Mpweya: Mpweya ndiye chinthu chodziwika bwino kwambiri cha dielectric ndipo chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri zamagetsi pama frequency apamwamba. Komabe, kukhazikika kwake kwa kutentha kumakhala kochepa, ndipo sikungakhale koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwakukulu.
• Polyimide: Polyimide ndi azida zapamwamba za dielectricodziwika chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwapadera kwamafuta komanso mayendedwe otsika a Df. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ma PCB omwe amafunikira kupirira kutentha kwambiri.
• Epoxy: Zida za dielectric zochokera ku epoxy zimapereka kukhazikika kwamakina komanso kutentha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu FR-4 base material ndipo amapereka magetsi abwino mpaka pafupipafupi.

Kusankhidwa kwa zida zamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a PCB ndi kusonkhana ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse ntchito yabwino. Zoyambira, zida zoyendetsera, ndi zida za dielectric zonse zimatenga gawo lalikulu pakuzindikira mphamvu zamagetsi za PCB, kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha, ndi kudalirika. Okonza ayenera kusankha mosamala zinthuzi potengera zomwe akufuna kuti awonetsetse kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zimagwira ntchito bwino. Pomwe ukadaulo ukupitilirabe patsogolo, zida zatsopano ndi zowonjezera muzinthu zomwe zilipo zipitilira kuwonekera, ndikuwonjezera luso la ma PCB othamanga kwambiri.