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Kodi kudzera mu PCB ndi chiyani?
2024-07-25 21:51:41
Kodi kudzera mu PCB ndi chiyani?
Vias ndi mabowo ambiri pakupanga PCB. Amagwirizanitsa zigawo zosiyana za maukonde omwewo koma nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu za solder. Vias akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu itatu: kudzera mabowo, akhungu vias, ndi vias m'manda. Zambiri zokhudza ma vias atatuwa ndi awa:
Udindo wa Blind Vias mu PCB Design ndi Manufacturing
Akhungu kudzera
Akhungu vias ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono kuti kulumikiza wosanjikiza wina wa PCB wina popanda kudutsa gulu lonse. Izi zimathandiza opanga kupanga ma PCB ovuta komanso odzaza bwino kwambiri komanso odalirika kuposa njira wamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakhungu, opanga amatha kupanga magawo angapo pa bolodi limodzi, kuchepetsa mtengo wazinthu ndikufulumizitsa nthawi yopanga. Komabe, kuya kwa khungu lakhungu kudzera mwachizolowezi sikuyenera kupitirira chiŵerengero chapadera chokhudzana ndi momwe amabowola. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera molondola pakubowola (Z-axis) ndikofunikira. Kuwongolera kosakwanira kungayambitse zovuta panthawi ya electroplating.
Njira ina kupanga vias akhungu kumafuna kubowola mabowo zofunika aliyense dera wosanjikiza pamaso laminating iwo pamodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna wakhungu kudzera ku L1 mpaka L4, mukhoza choyamba kubowola mabowo mu L1 ndi L2, ndipo mu L3 ndi L4, kenaka mutseke zigawo zonse zinayi pamodzi. Njirayi imafunikira zida zowongolera bwino komanso zowongolera. Njira zonse ziwirizi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kolondola pakupanga zinthu kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa PCB.
Kukwiriridwa kudzera
Kodi amakwiriridwa bwanji?
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa micro via ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera?
Kukwiriridwa vias ndi zigawo zofunika PCB kamangidwe, kulumikiza madera wosanjikiza wamkati popanda kupitirira mpaka zigawo akunja, kupangitsa iwo wosaoneka kuchokera kunja. Vis izi n'zofunika kuti mkati chizindikiro interconnections. Akatswiri mumakampani a PCB nthawi zambiri amazindikira kuti, "Makina okwiriridwa amachepetsa mwayi wosokoneza ma siginecha, kukhalabe ndi mayendedwe opitilira muyeso, ndikusunga danga la waya." Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ma PCB othamanga kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri.
Popeza vias m'manda sangathe mokhomerera pambuyo lamination, pobowola ayenera kuchitidwa pa munthu dera zigawo pamaso lamination. Njira imeneyi ndi nthawi yambiri poyerekeza ndi kudzera-mabowo ndi akhungu vias, zikubweretsa ndalama zambiri. Ngakhale izi, vias m'manda amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri PCBs mkulu-kachulukidwe kuti azidzagwiritsa ntchito danga zigawo zina dera, potero utithandize wonse ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa PCB.
Kudzera mabowo
Kupyolera mu mabowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zigawo zonse kupyolera pamwamba ndi pansi. Kuyika mkuwa mkati mwa mabowo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizana mkati kapena ngati dzenje loyikapo. Cholinga chodutsa mabowo ndikulola kuti mawaya amagetsi kapena zinthu zina zidutse pamwamba. Kupyolera mu mabowo kupereka njira phiri ndi chitetezo kulumikiza magetsi pa kusindikizidwa matabwa dera, mawaya kapena magawo ofanana amene amafuna ZOWONJEZERA mfundo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati anangula ndi zomangira pazinthu zamafakitale monga mipando, mashelufu, ndi zida zamankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, kudzera m'mabowo atha kupereka mwayi wodutsa kwa ndodo zomangika pamakina kapena zinthu zamapangidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolumikizira mabowo ndiyofunikira. Viasion ikufotokozera mwachidule zofunikira zotsatirazi polumikiza mabowo.
*Tsukani mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeretsera madzi a m'magazi.
* Onetsetsani kuti dzenjelo mulibe zinyalala, litsiro ndi fumbi.
*Yesani mabowo kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikugwirizana ndi pulagi
*Sankhani zinthu zodzazira zoyenera kuti mudzaze m'mabowo: silicone caulk, epoxy putty, thovu lokulitsa kapena guluu wa polyurethane.
* Lowetsani ndikusindikiza chipangizo cholumikizira mu dzenje.
*Igwireni motetezeka kwa mphindi zosachepera 10 musanatulutse kukakamiza.
* Pukutsani zinthu zilizonse zodzaza mochulukira kuzungulira mabowo mukamaliza.
* Yang'anani m'mabowo nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwonetsetse kuti alibe kudontha kapena kuwonongeka.
* Bwerezani ndondomekoyi ngati kuli kofunikira kuti mudutse mabowo amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kudzera ndi kulumikizidwa kwamagetsi. Kukula kwake ndi kocheperako kuposa mabowo ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zogulitsira. Mabowo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zida za solder adzakhala okulirapo. Muukadaulo wopanga PCB, kubowola ndi njira yofunikira, ndipo munthu sangakhale wosasamala za izo. Gulu lozungulira silingathe kulumikiza magetsi ndi zida zokhazikika popanda kubowola zomwe zimafunikira kudzera m'mabowo a mbale yovala zamkuwa. Ngati kubowola kosayenera kumayambitsa vuto lililonse podutsa mabowo, zitha kukhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo, kapena bolodi lonse lidzachotsedwa, ndiye kuti kubowola ndikofunikira.
Njira zobowola za vias
Pali makamaka awiri pobowola njira vias: makina kubowola ndi laser pobowola.
Kubowola pamakina m'mabowo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pamakampani a PCB. Kupyolera mu mabowo, kapena m'mabowo, pali mipata yozungulira yomwe imadutsa pa bolodi ndikugwirizanitsa mbali imodzi ndi ina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza zigawo ndi kulumikiza mabwalo amagetsi pakati pa zigawo. Kubowola pamakina kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera monga zobowolera, ma reamers, ndi masinki kuti apange malowa molondola komanso molondola. Njirayi ikhoza kuchitidwa pamanja kapena ndi makina odzipangira okha malinga ndi zovuta zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kupanga. Kubowola kwamakina kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwazinthu, chifukwa chake sitepe iyi iyenera kuchitika moyenera nthawi zonse. Pokhala ndi miyezo yapamwamba kupyolera mu kubowola makina, kupyolera mu mabowo akhoza kupangidwa modalirika komanso molondola kuti atsimikizire kuti magetsi akugwirizana bwino.
Kubowola kwa laser
Kubowola pamakina m'mabowo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pamakampani a PCB. Kupyolera mu mabowo, kapena m'mabowo, pali mipata yozungulira yomwe imadutsa pa bolodi ndikugwirizanitsa mbali imodzi ndi ina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza zigawo ndi kulumikiza mabwalo amagetsi pakati pa zigawo. Kubowola pamakina kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera monga zobowolera, ma reamers, ndi masinki kuti apange malowa molondola komanso molondola. Njirayi ikhoza kuchitidwa pamanja kapena ndi makina odzipangira okha malinga ndi zovuta zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kupanga. Kubowola kwamakina kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwazinthu, chifukwa chake sitepe iyi iyenera kuchitika moyenera nthawi zonse. Pokhala ndi miyezo yapamwamba kupyolera mu kubowola makina, kupyolera mu mabowo akhoza kupangidwa modalirika komanso molondola kuti atsimikizire kuti magetsi akugwirizana bwino.
Kusamala kwa PCB kudzera pamapangidwe
Onetsetsani kuti vias sali pafupi kwambiri ndi zigawo kapena ma vias ena.
Vias ndi gawo lofunikira la mapangidwe a PCB ndipo liyenera kuyikidwa mosamala kuonetsetsa kuti siziyambitsa kusokoneza ndi zigawo zina kapena kudzera. Pamene vias ali pafupi kwambiri, pali chiopsezo yochepa-circuiting, amene angawononge kwambiri PCB ndi zigawo zonse olumikizidwa. Malinga ndi zomwe Viasion zinachitikira, kuchepetsa chiopsezo ichi, vias ayenera kuikidwa osachepera 0,1 mainchesi kutali zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndi vias sayenera kuikidwa pafupi kuposa 0,05 mainchesi wina ndi mzake.
Onetsetsani kuti ma vias sakuphatikizana ndi mayendedwe kapena mapepala oyandikana nawo.
Pamene akukonzekera vias kwa bolodi dera, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa vias musati palinso kuda kapena ziyangoyango pa zigawo zina. Ndi chifukwa vias angayambitse akabudula magetsi, kutsogolera dongosolo malfunctions ndi kulephera. Monga mainjiniya athu akupangira, ma vias amayenera kuyikidwa bwino m'malo opanda mitsinje kapena mapadi kuti apewe ngoziyi. Komanso, izo kuonetsetsa vias musati kusokoneza zinthu zina pa PCB.
Ganizirani zomwe zikuchitika komanso kutentha popanga ma vias.
Onetsetsani kuti vias ali ndi plating yabwino yamkuwa kuti athe kunyamula.
Kuyika kwa ma vias kuyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala, kupewa malo omwe njira ingakhale yovuta kapena yosatheka.
Mvetserani zofunikira pakupanga musanasankhe kudzera mu makulidwe ndi mitundu.
Nthawi zonse ikani kudzera mwa osachepera 0.3mm kuchokera m'mphepete mwa bolodi pokhapokha mutanenedwa mwanjira ina.
Ngati ma vias ayikidwa moyandikana kwambiri, amatha kuwononga bolodi ikabowoleredwa kapena kuyendetsedwa.
M'pofunika kuganizira mbali chiŵerengero cha vias pa kapangidwe, monga vias ndi mkulu mbali chiŵerengero zingakhudze chizindikiro umphumphu ndi kutaya kutentha.
Onetsetsani kuti vias ndi chilolezo chokwanira kwa vias ena, zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi bolodi m'mphepete monga pa kamangidwe malamulo.
Pamene vias aikidwa awiriawiri kapena manambala ofunika kwambiri, m'pofunika kufalitsa wogawana kuti ntchito mulingo woyenera.
Samalani ndi vias zomwe zingakhale pafupi kwambiri ndi thupi la gawo, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kusokoneza zizindikiro zomwe zikudutsa.
Kuganizira kudzera pafupi ndi ndege.
Ayenera kuikidwa mosamala kuti achepetse phokoso la chizindikiro ndi mphamvu.
Ganizirani zoyika ma vias mugawo lofanana ndi ma sigino ngati kuli kotheka, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa mtengo wa vias ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa ma vias kuti muchepetse zovuta zamapangidwe ndi ndalama.
Zimango makhalidwe a PCB kudzera dzenje
Kudzera-dzenje awiri
Kutalika kwa mabowo kuyenera kupitilira kukula kwa pini ya plug-in ndikusunga malire. The awiri awiri kuti mawaya angafikire kudzera mabowo ndi malire pobowola ndi electroplating luso. Zing'onozing'ono kupyolera mu dzenje, malo ang'onoang'ono mu PCB, mphamvu ya parasitic capacitance, komanso ntchito yabwino kwambiri, koma mtengo wake udzakhala wapamwamba.
Kupyolera pa dzenje
Pad amazindikira kugwirizana magetsi pakati electroplating wosanjikiza mkati mwa dzenje ndi mawaya pa osindikizidwa dera bolodi pamwamba (kapena mkati).
Kuthekera kwa dzenje
ach kudutsa dzenje ali ndi parasitic capacitance pansi. The through-hole parasitic capacitance idzachedwetsa kapena kusokoneza kukwera kwa chizindikiro cha digito, zomwe sizili bwino kufalitsa ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri. Ndilo vuto lalikulu la kupyola-bowo parasitic capacitance. Komabe, muzochitika wamba, mphamvu ya kupyola-bowo ya parasitic capacitance imakhala yocheperako ndipo imatha kukhala yocheperako - kucheperako kwa dzenje, kucheperako kwa mphamvu ya parasitic.
Kulowetsa kudzera mu dzenje
Kupyolera mu mabowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu PCBs kulumikiza zigawo zamagetsi, koma amathanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka: inductance.
Inductance ndi njira yodutsa mabowo omwe amapezeka pamene magetsi akuyenda mkati mwawo ndikupangitsa mphamvu ya maginito. Mphamvu ya maginito imeneyi imatha kusokoneza maulumikizidwe ena kudzera m'mabowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma sign awonongeke kapena kusokonekera. Ngati tikufuna kuchepetsa izi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe inductance imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mungapangire kuti muchepetse kukhudzika kwake pama PCB anu.
Kutalika kwa mabowo kuyenera kupitilira kukula kwa pini ya plug-in ndikusunga malire. The awiri awiri kuti mawaya angafikire kudzera mabowo ndi malire pobowola ndi electroplating luso. Zing'onozing'ono kupyolera mu dzenje, malo ang'onoang'ono mu PCB, mphamvu ya parasitic capacitance, komanso ntchito yabwino kwambiri, koma mtengo wake udzakhala wapamwamba.
Chifukwa chiyani ma PCB amayenera kulumikizidwa?
Nazi zifukwa zina zomwe PCB vias ayenera kulumikizidwa, mwachidule ndi Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd :
Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd.
PCB vias kupereka ulalo thupi phiri zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kulumikiza zigawo zosiyana PCB, motero kuwapangitsa gulu kuchita ntchito yake ankafuna efficiently.PCB vias amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusintha matenthedwe ntchito PCB ndi kuchepetsa imfa chizindikiro. Monga PCB vias kuchititsa magetsi kuchokera PCB wosanjikiza wina, iwo ayenera plugged kuonetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za PCB.Potsiriza, PCB vias kuthandiza kupewa madera yochepa popewa kukhudzana ndi zigawo zina poyera pa PCB.Therefore, PCB vias ayenera plugged kuteteza malfunctions aliwonse magetsi kapena kuwonongeka kwa PCB.
Chidule
Mwachidule, PCB vias ndi mbali zofunika za PCBs, kuwalola njira chizindikiro bwino pakati pa zigawo ndi kulumikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana bolodi. Pomvetsetsa mitundu ndi zolinga zawo zosiyanasiyana, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti mapangidwe anu a PCB ndiwokometsedwa kuti agwire bwino ntchito komanso odalirika.
Shenzhen Rui Zhi Xin Feng Electronics Co., Ltd. imapereka kupanga kwathunthu kwa PCB, kupeza zinthu, kusonkhana kwa PCB, ndi ntchito zopanga zamagetsi. Pazaka zopitilira 20, takhala tikupereka mayankho apamwamba kwambiri a PCBA pamitengo yopikisana kwa makasitomala opitilira 6,000 padziko lonse lapansi. Kampani yathu ndi yovomerezeka ndi ziphaso zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale komanso kuvomereza kwa UL. Zogulitsa zathu zonse zimayesedwa 100% E-mayeso, AOI, ndi X-RAY kuti zikwaniritse miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri yamakampani. Ndife odzipereka kupereka khalidwe lapadera ndi kudalirika ntchito iliyonse PCB msonkhano.
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Chiyambi cha Njira Yobowola:
1. Kupachika, Kubowola, ndi Kuwerenga Mabowo
Cholinga:Kubowola-mabowo pa PCB pamwamba kukhazikitsa kugwirizana magetsi pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo chapamwamba pobowola ndi zikhomo m'munsi kuwerenga dzenje, ndondomeko amaonetsetsa chilengedwe cha vias atsogolere interlayer dera kugwirizana pa bolodi kusindikizidwa dera (PCB).
Kubowola kwa CNC:
Cholinga:Kubowola-mabowo pa PCB pamwamba kukhazikitsa kugwirizana magetsi pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
Zida Zofunika Kwambiri:
Drill Bits:Wopangidwa ndi tungsten carbide, cobalt, ndi zomatira organic.
Chophimba Chophimba:Makamaka aluminiyamu, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola, kutulutsa kutentha, kuchepetsa ma burrs, ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa phazi panthawiyi.
Backing Plate:Makamaka bolodi lophatikizika, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza tebulo lamakina obowola, kuteteza ma burrs otuluka, kuchepetsa kutentha kobowola, ndikuyeretsa zotsalira za utomoni ku zitoliro zobowola.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola kolondola kwambiri kwa CNC, njirayi imatsimikizira kulumikizana kolondola komanso kodalirika kwa ma interlayer pama board osindikizidwa (PCBs).
Kuyang'ana Bowo:
Cholinga:Kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zolakwika monga kuboola mochulukira, kubowola pang'ono, mabowo otsekeka, mabowo okulirapo, kapena mabowo ang'onoang'ono pambuyo pobowola.
Poyang'anira bwino dzenje, timatsimikizira mtundu ndi kusasinthika kwa chilichonse kudzera, kuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi akugwira ntchito komanso kudalirika kwa bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB).