Igenzura ryinzitizi nuburyo bwo gukora igenzura kuri PCBs

Mugushushanya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho, PCBs bigira uruhare runini. Imikorere ya PCBs igira ingaruka itaziguye kuri stabilite, kwizerwa no gukwirakwiza sisitemu yose ya elegitoroniki. Muri byo, kugenzura impedance nigice cyingenzi cyimiterere ya PCB. Kubera ko imiyoboro ya kijyambere igezweho ifite ibimenyetso bigufi byoherejwe nigihe cyo hejuru yisaha, ibimenyetso bya PCB ntibikiri guhuza byoroshye, ahubwo imirongo yoherejwe nayo. Igenzura rya PCB risobanura kugenzura umuvuduko wo kohereza no guhuza ibimenyetso bihuza ibimenyetso kuri PCB kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge n’umutekano wo kohereza ibimenyetso.

Mubihe bifatika, birakenewe kugenzura inzitizi zumwanya mugihe umuvuduko wa digitale ya mariginal urenze 1ns cyangwa inshuro zisa zirenga 300MHz. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize ibimenyetso bya PCB ni ibintu biranga inzitizi (ni ukuvuga igipimo cya voltage n'umuyaga iyo umuraba woherejwe ku murongo wohereza ibimenyetso). Ibiranga inzitizi zinsinga kuri PCBs ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyerekana PCB. Cyane cyane muburyo bukabije bwa PCB igishushanyo, birakenewe gusuzuma niba inzitizi iranga insinga ihuye cyangwa ihuye nibisabwa biranga igikoresho cyangwa ibimenyetso. Ibi birimo ibitekerezo 2: kugenzura inzitizi no guhuza impedance. Iyi ngingo yibanze ku bibazo byo kugenzura inzitizi no gushushanya.

Hano hari ibimenyetso bitandukanye byanyujijwe mu bayobora PCB. Kugirango tunoze igipimo cyayo, inshuro zayo zigomba kongerwa. Agaciro ka impedance k'umuzunguruko ubwako karatandukanye bitewe nimpamvu nko gutobora, uburebure bwurwego nubugari bwinsinga, nibindi, bitera kugoreka ibimenyetso. Kubwibyo, agaciro ka impedance yabatwara kuri PCB yihuta cyane igomba kugenzurwa murwego runaka, ibyo bita "kugenzura impedance".

Inzitizi yimiterere ya PCB igenwa nubushake bwa inductive na capacitive inductance, resistance and coefficient coefficient. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mbogamizi zinsinga za PCB ahanini zirimo ubugari nubugari bwumugozi wumuringa, guhora dielectric guhora nubunini bwikigereranyo, ubunini bwikibanza cyagurishijwe, inzira yinsinga zubutaka, hamwe ninsinga zizengurutse insinga, n'ibindi Urwego rwa PCB impedance ni 25 kugeza 120 ohm.

Mubimenyerezo, imirongo yohereza PCB mubisanzwe igizwe numurongo winsinga, kimwe cyangwa byinshi byerekanwe, hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika. Inzira n'ibice bigize inzitizi yo kugenzura. PCBs akenshi ifata ibyiciro byinshi, kandi kugenzura impedance nabyo birashobora kubakwa muburyo butandukanye. Nyamara, tutitaye kuburyo bwakoreshejwe, agaciro ka impedance kazagenwa nuburyo bwimiterere nuburyo bwa elegitoronike yibikoresho byangiza:

Microstrip ni umugozi winsinga bivuga umurongo wohereza uruhande rumwe gusa rufite indege yerekanwe. Hejuru no kumpande zihura numwuka (cyangwa utwikiriwe) kandi biherereye hejuru yubushakashatsi buhoraho Er PCB, hamwe nimbaraga cyangwa igorofa yubutaka. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira:

Icyitonderwa: Mubikorwa bya PCB nyirizina, uruganda rwa PCB rusanzwe rwambika irangi ryicyatsi kibisi hejuru ya PCB. Kubwibyo, muburyo bwo kubara impedance, icyitegererezo cyerekanwe mubishushanyo gikurikira gikunze gukoreshwa kumurongo wa microstrip.

Umurongo ni umurongo winsinga zashyizwe hagati yindege 2 zerekana, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira. Imiterere ya dielectric ya dielectric ihagarariwe na H1 na H2 irashobora kuba itandukanye.

Imanza 2 zavuzwe haruguru nuburyo busanzwe bwerekana microstrip na striplines, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mukwiga ibyuma byubwenge bwa IoT byinjijwe hamwe nubundi buryo. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa microstrip na striplines, nka microstrip yometseho, ifitanye isano nuburyo bwihariye bwo gutondekanya PCBs.

Ikigereranyo cyakoreshejwe mukubara inzitizi ziranga bisaba kubara imibare igoye, mubisanzwe ukoresheje uburyo bwo gukemura imirima, harimo gusesengura imipaka. Kubwibyo, hamwe no gukoresha software yihariye yo kubara SI9000, icyo dukeneye gukora nukugenzura ibipimo biranga inzitizi:

Umuyoboro wa dielectric uhoraho Er ya layer ya insulasiyo, ubugari bwumugozi W1 na W2 (trapezoidal), uburebure bwinsinga T, hamwe nuburinganire bwa H.

W - ubugari bwumurongo

A - gutakaza etch (reba imbonerahamwe iri hejuru)

Impamvu y'ubugari budahuye hagati yo hejuru no hepfo yumurongo nuko mugihe cyo gukora PCBs, ruswa ibaho kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, bikavamo imiterere ya trapezoidal yumurongo wangiritse.

Hariho isano ihuye hagati yuburebure bwumurongo T nuburinganire bwumuringa bwiki cyiciro, nkibi bikurikira:

* Bitewe ningaruka ntoya yubugeni bwa mask yubugurisha kuri impedance, bifatwa nkigiciro gihoraho cya 0.5mil.

Turashobora kugera kubigenzuzi mugucunga ibipimo. Dufashe urugero rwa PCB yo hepfo ya Anwei, tuzasobanura intambwe zo kugenzura inzitizi no gukoresha SI9000:

Igice cya kabiri ni indege yubutaka, igice cya gatanu nindege yimbaraga, naho ibisigaye ni ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso.

Ibisobanuro: Dielectric hagati yurwego rwagati ni FR-4, hamwe na dielectric ihoraho ya 4.2; Hejuru no hepfo ibice byambaye ubusa biza guhura neza nu mwuka, kandi dielectric ihoraho yumwuka ni 1.

Abashushanya PCB barashobora gukoresha byimazeyo imiterere yubuyobozi bwa PCB kugirango bagere ku kugenzura inzitizi. Mugushira ibimenyetso bitandukanye mubice bitandukanye, ubushobozi bwa interlayer na inductance birashobora kugenzurwa neza. Muri rusange, urwego rwimbere rukoresha ibikoresho byo kwangirika kandi urwego rwo hanze rukoresha ibikoresho bike byo kugabanya kugirango bigabanye ingaruka zo gutekereza no kunyura.

Imirongo itandukanye yohereza ibimenyetso irashobora gutanga ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya-interineti hamwe ningaruka zo kwambuka. Imirongo itandukanye yohereza imirongo ni insinga zibangikanye hamwe na voltage zinyuranye ariko ingano ingana, irashobora gutanga ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso hamwe nubushobozi bwo kurwanya. Inzitizi yumurongo utandukanya imirongo isanzwe igenzurwa no guhitamo umurongo utandukanijwe, ubugari nindege yubutaka.

Ibipimo bya geometrike nkubugari bwa PCB ubugari, intera n'imiterere nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga inzitizi. Kumirongo isanzwe ya microstrip, ubugari bwumurongo muremure hamwe nintera nini irashobora kugabanya impedance. Kumirongo ya coaxial, diametre ntoya yimbere imbere na radiyo nini yo hanze irashobora kongera impedance. Guhitamo insinga za geometrie bisaba gutezimbere hashingiwe kubisabwa byihutirwa hamwe ninshuro zerekana ibimenyetso.

Dielectric ihoraho yibikoresho bya PCB nayo igira ingaruka kuri impedance. Guhitamo ibikoresho bifite dielectric ihamye ni igice cyo kugenzura inzitizi. Mubisabwa byihuta cyane kandi byihuse, ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa harimo FR-4 (fibre fibre fonctionnement ikibaho), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), na laminates ya RF (radio frequency).

Mbere yo gushushanya PCB, ukoresheje ibikoresho byo kwigana nibikoresho byo gushushanya birashobora gufasha abashushanya vuba kandi neza kugenzura no guhitamo impedance. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kwigana imyitwarire yumuzunguruko, igihombo cyo kohereza ibimenyetso hamwe na electromagnetic imikoranire kugirango hamenyekane ibipimo byiza bya PCB. Bimwe mubikoresho byo kwigana birimo CST Studio Suite, HyperLynx na ADS.

Igenzura rya PCB rifite uruhare runini muburyo bwihuse bwa digitale na analogi. Binyuze mu gishushanyo mbonera cyiza, gukoresha imirongo itandukanye yohereza ibimenyetso, kugenzura insinga za geometrike, guhitamo ibikoresho bya PCB bikwiye, no gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwigana no gushushanya, kugenzura neza inzitizi birashobora kugerwaho, bityo bikazamura imikorere yumuzunguruko hamwe nuburinganire bwibimenyetso.