Chii chinonzi A High-Speed PCB?
Isu tinodaidza PCB ine chiratidzo chekufambisa frequency pamusoro pe1GHz yakakwira-kumhanya yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira kushandisa high-speed PCBs?
Kuti uvandudze frequency yechiratidzo uye kugadzirisa dambudziko reEMI rezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, maPCB anomhanya kwazvo akagadzirwa. Mushure mekugadzirwa kweiyo yepamusoro-kumhanya PCB yawana budiriro huru, mupiro wayo kuEMI uri kuwedzera kukosha. Inenge 60% yezvinetso zveEMI zvinogona kugadziriswa nePCB inomhanya kwazvo.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mu-high-speed PCBs?
Zvishandiso zvinopikisa kupisa, kusimba kwemagetsi, uye zvakanaka (kuvimbika)
Zvishandiso zvine yakagadzikana Dk / Df paramita (diki coefficient yekusiyana ne frequency uye nharaunda)
Zvishandiso zvine yakanaka impedance control
Zvishandiso zvine hutsika hwakaderera hwemhangura foil pamusoro
Kusarudza girazi faibha jira rine diki furati kuvhurwa kunokurudzirwa.
Ndeapi matipi andinofanira kufunga kana ndichigadzira yakakura-kumhanya PCB?
Mazano akati wandei ekugadzira a high-speed PCB anotsanangurwa pazasi.
1) Shandisa dhizaini software ine sarudzo dzepamberi
Mainjiniya anofanirwa kuziva iyo dhizaini software inogona kupa sarudzo dzepamberi. Zvishandiso zveSoftware zvinoda zvakawanda zvemhando yepamusoro kuti ukwanise kugadzira maPCB anomhanya kwazvo muCAD software. Iwe unofanirwa kuve nekunzwisisa kuri nani kweane simba CAD zvishandiso.
2) High-speed routing
Kana zvasvika kune yakakwirira-kumhanya nzira, vagadziri vanofanirwa kunzwisisa mitemo yenzira yekutanga, kusanganisira kusacheka pasi zvidimbu uye kuchengetedza nzira iri pfupi. Naizvozvo, ndapota dzivirira crosstalk pamusoro peimwe chinhambwe pamitsetse yedhijitari uye dzivirira zvinhu zvese zvinogona kukonzeresa kukanganisa kwechiratidzo.
3) Routing ine impedance control
Kune mamwe masaini angangoita 40-120 ohms, ivo vanoda impedance yekufananidza. Iyo hunhu impedance yekufananidza inoratidzwa nema antennas uye akawanda akasiyana maviri maviri.
Vagadziri vanofanirwa kunzwisisa maverengero ehupamhi hwenzira uye inodiwa stack-up yeiyo impedance kukosha. Kana iyo impedance kukosha isiri yakarurama, inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba pachiratidzo, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuhuori hwe data.
4) Tsanangudzo dzine urefu hunoenderana
Kune mitsetse yakawanda muyepamusoro-kumhanya ndangariro bhazi uye interface bhazi. Iyi mitsetse inogona kushanda pamhepo yakanyanya, saka chiratidzo chinofanirwa kuendeswa panguva imwe chete kubva kune anotumira kune anogamuchira. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinoda chinhu chinonzi kureba matching. Nokudaro, maitiro akajairika anotsanangura maitiro ekushivirira anofanirwa kuenzaniswa nehurefu.
5) Kuderedza nzvimbo yezvino kudzoka redunhu
High-speed PCB vagadziri vanofanira kutevera mitemo inokosha, yakadai sekugadzira inoenderera pasi pasi uye kuderedza nzvimbo yezvino kudzoka redunhu nekugadzirisa ikozvino nzira yekudzoka yenzira, pamwe nekuisa akawanda akasona vias.
Ndeapi mamwe maitiro akanakisa ekugadzira yakakwirira-kumhanya PCBs?
High-speed PCB dhizaini hunyanzvi hune hunyanzvi, hunova nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwechiratidzo.
Zvishandiso zve-high-speed PCBs zvakasarudzwa zvakanaka kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwechiratidzo chekufambisa.
Kudzora kugadzirwa kunoitwa. Iwo makuru ekudzora mapoinzi panguva yekugadzira iwo hupamhi hwemaseketi, layer spacing, vias akaputirwa nemhangura, ukobvu hwemhangura hwemaseketi, ukobvu hwemasolder mask, nezvimwe.
Ndeupi mutengo wevaridzi kana zvasvika kune yakakwirira-kumhanya PCBs?
Izvi zvinotevera zvinhu zvinokanganisa mutengo wePCB inomhanya kwazvo.
Material (iyo substrate zvinhu, ukobvu hweiyo substrate, ukobvu hwemhangura)
Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinoshandiswa
Kuoma kwekugadzira
Zvinodiwa nemutengi
Iyo yakasarudzwa yekurongedza nzira
Iyo yakasarudzwa nzira yekuendesa
Maitiro ekugadzira High-Speed PCB?
Yakakwira-kumhanya PCB dhizaini inzira yakaoma kunzwisisa inoda kutariswa kwakazara kwezviratidzo, impedance, mitsara yekufambisa, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvehunyanzvi zvinhu. Mapoinzi ehunyanzvi anotevera anogona kupa mamwe mareferensi.
Shandisa ma-multi-layers pakufambisa zvine musoro.
Iyo ipfupi inotungamira pakati pemapini e-high-speed circuit devices, zviri nani.
Shandisa nzvimbo dzakatenderedza kunyanya kukosha kwemitsara yezviratidzo kana zvikamu zvemunharaunda.
Yakakwira-frequency siginecha mutsara wakaiswa pamusoro pedhiri inotarirwa kuburitsa hombe remagetsi emagetsi. Mutsara wechiratidzo chepamusoro-frequency unofanirwa kuiswa pakati pesimba remasimba uye pasi. Iyo mwaranzi inogadzirwa ichave yakaderera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutorwa kwemafungu emagetsi emagetsi nedhizaini yesimba uye pasi pasi.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pePCB yekumhanya uye yakajairwa PCB?
Kune yakajairwa PCB, vanhu vanonyanya kunetseka nezve pfupi dunhu, insulation, uye dzimwe nyaya dzesimbi waya. Nekudaro, nekutsvaga kwekuita kwepamusoro kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, iyo chiratidzo chekufambisa frequency inoda kuwedzerwa uye vanhu vari kunetsekana nezve chiratidzo chekuvimbika dhizaini yePCB inomhanya.
Pane here pfungwa dzakakosha kana uchibata high-speed PCBs?
Mafungiro akakosha ari mukumhanya-mhanya PCB dhizaini uye kugadzira kana uchibata yakakwirira-kumhanya PCB.
Hurefu hwekusiyanisa nzira hunofanira kuenzaniswa.
Nzira yacho haifaniri kuyambuka ndege dzepasi dzisina kukwana.
Usaise mapoinzi ebvunzo pane chero mutsauko wakakwira-kumhanya kwemasaini mitsetse.
Usafambisa mitsara inomhanya-mhanya pedyo kana pasi pemakristasi, maoscillator, magetsi ekuchinja, maburi anokwirisa, magineti zvishandiso, kana periodic signal machipi.
Edza kufambisa mitsetse yechiratidzo chepamusoro-soro pamusoro nepamusoro pezvikamu zvine chinyorwa chizere chepasi. Hazvikurudzirwi kufambisa mitsara mundege yemukati.
Chengetedza chinhambwe kubva kune yakakwira-kumhanya chiratidzo kusvika kumucheto kwereferensi yepasi layer kupfuura 90mil.
Nyatsoteerera kubata socket uye connector wiring.
Coppe trace hupamhi, nzvimbo, uye yekumisikidza dhizaini inofanirwa kunyatso kudzorwa kuti isangane neiyo yakasimba impedance kukosha.
TDR impedance bvunzo dzinowanzo kudiwa kana yakakwira-kumhanya maPCB apera.
Mhando dzakakodzera dzezvinhu dzinofanira kusarudzwa kusangana nemabasa anodiwa.
Kupera kwepasi pedenga kunodiwa kune yakakwirira-kumhanya PCB, uye isu tinogara tichiraira ENIG ye ENEPIG pamusoro kurapwa.
Ndeupi huwandu hwepamusoro hwekufambisa data hunowanikwa paPCB inomhanya?
Iyo theoretical yakanyanya kuchinjisa data rate inogoneka paPCB inomhanya ndeye 10.0GPs (Gigabits pasekondi) nekure, asi izvi zviri kuvandudza nguva nenguva.
Pane chero maturusi akakosha kana maitiro anodiwa paunenge uchigadzira yakakura-kumhanya PCB?
Pane zvinodiwa PCB dhizaini software maturusi uye EDA simulation maturusi anoshandiswa pakugadzira yakakwirira-kumhanya PCB seCadence, Mentor, PADS, Altium, HyperLynx, HFSS, ADS, nezvimwe.
Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti imwe software chishandiso chinogona kunge chakakodzera kune imwe PCB purojekiti, nepo imwe software chishandiso chinogona kushandiswa zvirinani kune mamwe marudzi emapurojekiti. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuwana iyo chaiyo PCB dhizaini software chishandiso.
Ndedzipi dzakakosha zvirevo uye vatengesi veyakanyanya kumhanya PCB zvinhu?
High speed material inogona kuva FR4, ceramic, PTFE kana PTFE yakasimbiswa zvinhu ne1 Ghz kusvika 100 Ghz. Kune akati wandei ane mukurumbira ekumhanya PCB zvinhu vatengesi vakaita se: Rogers, ISOLA, Ventec, ITEQ, TUC, SHENGYI, Panasonic, Taconic, nezvimwe.