Uyilo lwePCB oluQhakamezayo oluPhezulu: IiNgcebiso zeNgcali kunye neZenzo ezilungileyo

• Ukuyila ii-PCBs zokuZisa okuPhakamileyo

Xa kuziwa ekudaleni iPCB yeizicelo zefrikhwensi ephezulu, kukho iinkalo eziliqela ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Oku kubandakanya ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, umphezulu wokugqiba, nokuqonda umahluko phakathiisantya esiphezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu se-PCBs.

Ukuyila i-PCB ye-frequency ephezulu kubandakanya okungaphezulu nje kokwenza ibhodi yesekethe ekwaziyo ukuphatha imiqondiso ekhawulezayo. Ifuna uqwalaselo ngononophelo lweempawu ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Yonke imiba, ukusuka kwizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kumphezulu osetyenzisiweyo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphumezeni isiphumo esifunekayo.

I-PCB ephezulu rhoqouyilo lubalulekile kwizicelo apho imiqondiso ihanjiswa ngesantya esikhawulezayo. Ngaphandle kwengqwalasela efanelekileyo kwiingcamango zoyilo, ezifana uphawu lwemfezekokwaye i impedance ngokuchasenel, ukusebenza kwezixhobo zombane kunokuthotywa.

Kwishishini lanamhlanje elikhawulezayo le-elektroniki, ukuqonda indlela yokuyila i-PCB ye-frequency ephezulu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ze-elektroniki.

• High Frequency PCB Basics

Ukuqonda ii-PCBs eziPhakamileyo zokuZisa

High frequency PCBs, eyaziwa ngokubaIiPCB zeHF, zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuphatha imiqondiso esebenza kumaza aphezulu. Ezi ntlobo ze-PCB zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwizixhobo zombane ezifuna ukuhanjiswa nolwamkelo olukhawulezayo lomqondiso.

Iimpawu zee-PCBs eziQhakamke kakhulu:

• Ii-PCB zefrikhwensi eziphakamileyo zahlulwe ngokukwazi kwazo ukulawula imiqondiso kunye neefrikhwensi kuluhlu lwegigahertz.
• Ezi PCB zakhiwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo kunye neendlela zoyilo ezinciphisaukulahleka komqondiso kunye nokuphazamisekakwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu.

Ukubaluleka koYilo lwePCB oluQhakamezayo:

Uyilo lwe-PCBs ezisebenza rhoqo lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyoi-elektroniki yanamhlanje. Ngemfuno ekhulayo yokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle izixhobo zombane, imfuneko yee-PCBs ezithembekileyo zefrikhwensi ephezulu ibe yeyona nto iphambili.

IiNgcebiso eziSisiseko ze-PCBs eziQhubelekayo eziPhezulu

IMqondiso yoMqondiso kunye noLawulo loMbane:

• Ingqibelelo yomqondiso ibhekiselele ekukwazini kwe-PCB ephezulu yokuhambisa imiqondiso ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okanye ilahleko.
• Ulawulo lwe-impedance lubalulekile ekugcineni ukuhambelanaumgangatho wophawukuyo yonke i-PCB, ngakumbi kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu.

Imingeni engundoqo kunye neNgqwalasela:

• Ukuyila ii-PCB ezihamba rhoqo zisa imingeni efana nokunciphisaukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic(I)kunye nokulawula ukungaqhubeki kwe-impedance.

 

• Ukukhethwa kwemathiriyeli kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu kunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwee-PCBs ezihamba rhoqo.

Ngokutsho kwengcali yoshishino, "Uyilo oluphezulu lwePCB lufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kokuziphatha kweempawu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ayikokwenza nje isekethe; imalunga nokugcina imfezeko yomqondiso xa ufuna izicelo ze-elektroniki.”

• IiNgqwalaselo eziPhambili kwiiPCB eziQhagamshelayo

UKhetho lweMathiriyeli yeePCB eziQhagamshelayo eziPhezulu

Xa kuziwa ekuyileni ii-PCB ezihamba rhoqo, ukhetho lwezixhobo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwebhodi yesekethe. Impembelelo yeI-dielectric rhoqokwaye ilahleko tangent ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwe-PCB ayinakubaxa.

• Impembelelo yeDielectric Constant kunye neLoss Tangent:Idielectric engaguqukiyo yezinto imisela isantya apho i-uphawu lombaneinokuhamba ngayo. Kwii-PCB ezihamba rhoqo, izixhobo ezine-dielectric constants ezisezantsi zikhethwa njengoko zivumela imiqondiso ukuba isasazeke ngokukhawuleza, inciphisa.ukugqwetheka komqondiso. Ngokufanayo, i-tangent yelahleko yemathiriyeli ibalulekile ekunciphiseni ilahleko yomqondiso ngaphakathi kwePCB ngenxa yeempawu zendalo.
• Ezona Mathiriyeli ziPhakamileyo zePCBs:Ezinye zezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo zePCBs ezihamba rhoqo ziquka i-PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), ebonelela ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo zombane, eziphantsi.i-disipation factor, kunye nesigxina se-dielectric esizinzile kuluhlu olubanzi lwee-frequencies. Enye into esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-FR-4 enomxholo ophezulu we-fiberglass, enika amandla afanelekileyo omatshini kunye neendleko eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa namanye ama-substrates aphezulu.

Isiginali yeMfezeko kwiiPCB eziQhagayo eziPhakamileyo

Ukugcina imfezeko yomqondiso kubaluleke kakhulu xa ujongana nee-PCB ezihamba rhoqo njengoko nayiphi na ilahleko okanye imbonakalo inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza.

UkuNciphisa ilahleko yoMqondiso kunye nokuJonga:Ukunciphisa ilahleko yesignali kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-PCBs ezisebenza rhoqo, kubalulekile ukuyila ngononophelo iintambo zothumelo ukunciphisa ukungalingani. Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuphelisa kunye nokulawulwai-impedance routingkunokunceda ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa komqondiso okukhokelela kwiimpazamo zedatha okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

• Izicwangciso-qhinga zokuGcina imfezeko yoMqondiso kumaza aPhakamileyo:Ukusebenzisa iindiza eziphantsi komhlaba ngokufanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa ukubonakaliswa kokwahlula ukugonywa kwengxolo, kunye nokuqinisekisa i-capacitor efanelekileyo yokuqhawula ezinye izicwangciso zokugcina umqondiso wesignali kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu. Ukongeza, ingqalelo ngenyameko kwiuyilokwayeiminxekile uyilo lunokuba negalelo ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) kunye nemiba ye-crosstalk.

Ngokwamazwi enjineli yeRF enamava, “Ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kuyilo lwe-PCB oluhamba rhoqo. Idityaniswe nezicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokugcina imfezeko yomqondiso, ezi ngqwalasela zenza isiseko seebhodi ezithembekileyo zesekethe ephezulu. ”

• Ukukhetha iziXhobo zePCB eziQhagamshelayo

Ukukhetha imathiriyeli efanelekileyo ngumba obalulekileyoUyilo oluphezulu lwePCB. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweibhodi yesekethe, ngakumbi ekuphatheni imiqondiso kwiifrikhwensi eziphakamileyo.

Impembelelo yeZixhobo kwiNdlela yokuSebenza ye-PCB yeFrekhwensi ePhezulu

Indima yemathiriyeli ye-substrate ekusebenzeni kwe-PCB ephezulu ngamaxesha amaninzi. I-substrate imathiriyeli ayinikezeli kuphela inkxaso yomatshini kwisekethe kodwa ikwachaphazela ukuhanjiswa komqondisoiimpawu. Ukongeza, i-dielectric rhoqo kunye nelahleko ye-tangent yezinto ezikhethiweyo zichaphazela kakhulu indlela imiqondiso yombane esasazeka ngayo ngePCB.

Ngaphaya koko, ubukhulu bobhedu olusetyenziswa kwii-PCBs ezihamba rhoqo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza kwazo. Iileya zobhedu ezishinyeneyo zinokunciphisa i-impedance kunye nelahleko yomqondiso, ngaloo ndlela iphucula imfezeko yophawu ngokubanzi kumaza aphezulu.

Xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo imathiriyeli ye-PCB ephezulu, kubalulekile ukuvavanya iimpawu zabo zombane, iimpawu ze-thermal, kunye nokwenziwa. Nganye kwezi nkalo inegalelo ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni kokugqibelauyilo lwebhodi yesekethe.

Iingqwalasela zeIzinto zeDielectric

I-dielectric engaguqukiyo kunye ne-tangent yelahleko zi parameters ezibalulekileyo xa ukhetha izixhobo ze-PCBs ezihamba rhoqo. I-dielectric constant inquma ukuba imiqondiso yombane ekhawulezayo inokuhamba njani kwizinto eziphathekayo, okwenza kube yinto ephambili ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka kweempawu kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu. Ngokufanayo, i-tangent yelahleko inefuthe ekulahlekeni komqondiso ngaphakathi kwe-PCB ngenxa yeempawu zezinto eziphathekayo.

Ukukhetha imathiriyeli ye-dielectric efanelekileyo kwizicelo zefrikhwensi ephezulu kubandakanya ukuvavanya izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinje ukuzinza kwe-thermal,ukumelana nokufuma, kunye nokuhambelana neenkqubo zokuvelisa. I-PTFE (i-Polytetrafluoroethylene) ibalasele njengokhetho oludumileyo ngenxa yesigxina sayo se-dielectric esizinzile kuluhlu olubanzi lwee-frequencies kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zombane. Ukongezelela, i-FR-4 enomxholo ophezulu we-fiberglass ikhethwa ngamandla ayo omatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko xa kuthelekiswa namanye ama-substrates afanelekileyo kwizicelo ze-high-frequency applications.

Njengoko ingcaphephe yoshishino igxininisa, “Ukhetho lwemathiriyeli lubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kuyilo lwePCB oluqhelekileyo. Kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela ngenyameko kuzo zombiniizixhobo ze-substratekunye nee-dielectrics zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kumaza aphakamileyo. ”

• Eyona ndawo ilungileyo yokuGqibela kwiRF PCB

Indima yoMphezulu wokuGqibelela kwiiPCB eziQhagayo eziPhezulu

Ukugqitywa komphezulu we-PCB ephezulu kakhulu kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni imfezeko yesignali kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi. Ichaphazela ngqo ugqithiso kunye nolwamkelo lwemiqondiso, iyenza ibe yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kuyilo kunye nokwenziwa kweRF PCBs.

Ukhetho lokugqitywa komphezulu luchaphazela kakhulu indlela yokuziphathaIimpawu zefrikhwensi ephezulunjengoko behamba benqumla iPCB. Ukugqitywa komphezulu ofanelekileyo kunciphisa ilahleko yomqondiso, imbonakalo, kunye nokwahluka kokuphazamiseka, ngaloo ndlela kunyuswa ukusebenza kweRF PCBs.

Ukugqitywa komphezulu okwahlukeneyo kunika amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusebenza kwizicelo eziphezulu zefrikhwensi. Ngokukhetha ngononophelo owona mphezulu ufanelekileyo umphezulu, abayili banokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho wophawu kunye nokuthembeka kwiiRF PCBs.

Ukuphucula ukuGqiba komphezulu kwii-Aplikheyishini zokuQhuba okuPhezulu

Ukwandisa umphezulu wokugqiba usetyenziso lwefrikhwensi ephezulu, iindlela ezininzi zinokusetyenziswa ukunciphisa ilahleko yomqondiso kunye nokugcina imfezeko yophawu oluphezulu kwibhodi yesekethe.

IiTeknikhi zokuGqibela ubuso:

• Ukuntywiliselwa kwesilivere(ImAg):Oku kugqitywa komphezulu kunika iplani egqwesileyo kunye ne-coplanarity, iyenza ifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo usetyenziso lwamaza omoya aphezulu. Inika indawo egudileyo enciphisa ilahleko yomqondiso kwaye iyahambelana i-lead-freeiinkqubo zendibano.
• I-Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold(VUMA):I-ENIG yaziwa ngokuba caba kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-oxidation, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwii-PCB ezihamba rhoqo. Iqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane okungaguqukiyo kwibhodi yonke ngelixa inikezela nge-solderability elungileyo.
• Organic Solderability Preservatives(iSebe lezoMlilo lamavolontiya):I-OSP ibonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi lokugqibezela ukhetho lwee-PCB zeRF. Inika umphezulu wephedi yobhedu kunye nelahleko encinci yomqondiso kumaza aphezulu.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha umphezulu wokuGqibela ii-PCB zeRF:

1. Uluhlu lokuphindaphinda:Ukugqitywa komphezulu okwahlukileyo kunokwenza ngokwahlukileyo kuluhlu lwamaza ohlukeneyo. Ukuqonda iifrikhwensi ezithile zokusebenza kubalulekile ekukhetheni umphezulu ogqibeleleyo wokugqiba.
2. Ilahleko yoMqondiso:Ukugqitywa komphezulu okhethiweyo kufuneka kunciphise ilahleko yesignali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kunye nokwamkelwa kweempawu zefrikhwensi ephezulu.
3. Ukuhambelana neeNkqubo zeNdibano:Ukugqitywa komphezulu kufuneka kuhambelane neenkqubo zokuhlanganisana ezinje nge-soldering ukuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa komthungo kwiindibano zombane.

Ngokuqwalasela ngobuchule le miba, abaqulunqi banokukhetha umphezulu ofanelekileyo wokugqitywa ohambelana neemfuno zezicelo ze-frequency ephezulu ngelixa ulungiselela imfezeko yomqondiso.

• Ukwahlula isantya esiphezulu kunye nee-PCB eziQhagayo eziPhakamileyo

Ukuqonda iiPCBs zesantya esiphezulu

IiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu zenzelwe ukwamkela imiqondiso yotshintsho ngesantya esikhawulezayo, ngokwesiqhelo kuluhlu lwamakhulu eemegahertz ukuya kwigigahertz ezimbalwa. Ezi PCBs ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana microprocessors,ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngesantya esiphezulu ujongano, kunye izixhobo zonxibelelwano.

Iimpawu kunye neNgqwalasela yoYilo lweePCB zesantya esiphezulu:

• Uyilo lwePCB olunesantya esiphezulu lubandakanya uqwalaselo ngononophelo lokulibaziseka kokusasazwa komqondiso, i-skew, kunye nokuthomalalisa. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zifikelela kwiindawo eziya kuzo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo okanye ukuthotywa.
• Ezi PCB zihlala zibandakanya umkhondo olawulwayo we-impedance kunye nokubonisa umahluko ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) kunye ne-crosstalk phakathi kwemigca yesiginali.

Usetyenziso kunye nemida yeePCB zesantya esiphezulu:

I-PCB enesantya esiphezulus zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zombane zanamhlanje aphoizinga lokudluliswa kwedathaszibalulekile. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiizixhobo zothungelwano, ukwenza okuphezuluinkqubo yekhompyuthas, kwaye phambili i-elektroniki yabathengi.

Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lwePCB olunesantya esiphezulu luza nemida enxulumene nemingeni yengqibelelo yomqondiso kumaza aphakamileyo. Ukulawula ulawulo lwe-impedance luba nzima ngakumbi njengoko ukusebenza rhoqo kunyuka, kufuna iingqwalasela zoyilo olucokisekileyo ukuze kuthotywe le miba.

Ukwahlula isantya esiphezulu kunye nee-PCB eziQhagayo eziPhakamileyo

Umahluko oPhambili kwiiMfuno zoYilo phakathi kwee-PCB zezantya eziPhakamileyo kunye nee-Frequency Frequency:

1. Uluhlu lokuphindaphinda:Umahluko ophambili ulele kuluhlu lwamaza ohlobo ngalunye lwePCB eyilelwe ukusingatha. Ngelixa ii-PCBs ezinesantya esiphezulu zijolise ekwamkeleni utshintsho olukhawulezayo lwesignali ngaphakathi kwemegahertz ukuya kuluhlu lwegigahertz, ii-PCBs ezikwi-frequency ephezulu zilungiselelwe imiqondiso esebenza ngokungaguqukiyo kuluhlu lwegigahertz.
2. Imingeni yeMfezeko yoMqondiso:Uyilo olukwisantya esiphezulu lubeka phambili ulawulo lwemfezeko yomqondiso kudederhu lwamaza asezantsi ngokulawulwa kokulawulwa kwe-impedance kunye nokunciphisa i-EMI. Ngokwahlukileyo, uyilo oluhamba rhoqo oluphezulu lujongana nemiceli mngeni engakumbi enxulumene nokulahleka komqondiso, ukubonakaliswa, kunye nokugcina i-impedance engaguqukiyo kuyo yonke ibhodi.
3. Ukuntsonkotha koLawulo lwe-Impedans:Njengoko i-frequencies inyuka ukusuka kwisantya esiphezulu ukuya kwi-high frequency applications, ubunzima bokulawula ulawulo lwe-impedance nalo luyaqina. Oku kufuna ukutshintshelwa kwizinto ezineempawu eziphezulu zombane kunye nezikhokelo zoyilo ezingqongqo.

Imiceli mngeni yoTshintsho ukusuka kwisantya esiPhezulu ukuya kuYilo lwePCB eQhubelayo:

Ukutshintsha ukusuka ekuyileni iisekethe ezinesantya esiphezulu ukuya kwiisekethe ezikwi-frequency ephezulu kuzisa imingeni ekhethekileyo ngenxa yokwanda kovakalelo lweempawu kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu. Abaqulunqi kufuneka balungelelanise iindlela zabo ngokubandakanya izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu ngelixa bevavanya kwakhona izicwangciso zemfezeko yomqondiso wokusebenza kakuhle.

• Eyona nto ingconoIiNdlela zokuSebenza zokuYila i-PCB yeFrekhwensi ePhezulu

Xa kuziwa kuyilo lwe-PCB oluqhelekileyo, ukubambelela kwezona ndlela zilungileyo zibalulekile ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka. Ukusuka ekugcineni imfezeko yomqondiso ukuya ekuphuculeni iuyilo lwezicelo zeRF, ukulandela iingcebiso zeengcali kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe ibhodi yesekethe ephezulu frequencys.

IiNgcebiso zeMfezeko zoMqondiso

Ukugcina imfezeko yomqondiso kwiiPCBs ezixhaphakileyo ngumba obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo nokuthembekileyo. Nazi ezinye iindlela ezilungileyo zokugcina imfezeko yomqondiso:

• Indlela eLawulwayo yokuKhubazeka:Phumeza indlela elawulwayo ye-impedance ukunciphisa ukugqwetheka komqondiso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zisasazeka rhoqo kwi-PCB.
• Ubuchwephesha bokuQala obufanelekileyo:Sebenzisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokubeka phantsi ukuze kuncitshiswe ingxolo kunye nokuphazamiseka, ngaloo ndlela uphucula umgangatho womqondiso kumaza aphezulu.
• Umqondiso owahlukileyo:Hlanganisa ukubonakaliswa kokwahlula ukuphucula ukugonywa kwengxolo kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kwi-transmission signal.
• Ukuqhawula iCapacitors:Ngobuchule beka ii-capacitors zokuqhawula ukuzinzisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuhla kwamandla ombane okunokuchaphazela imfezeko yomqondiso.

Njengoko ingcali yoshishino igxininisa, "Ukugcina imfezeko yomqondiso kubalulekile kuyilo lwe-PCB oluqhelekileyo. Ngokubandakanya ukulawulwa kwe-impedance routing kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zokumisa, abaqulunqi banokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo nakwii-frequencies eziphakamileyo."

RF PCB LayoutIingqwalasela

Ukuphucula uyilo lwe-frequency ephezulu kunye ne-RF PCBs kubalulekile ekunciphiseni iziphumo ze-parasitic kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza ngokubanzi. Nantsi imiba ephambili yoyilo lweRF PCB:

• Ukunciphisa ubude bomkhondo:Gcina ubude bomkhondo bufutshane kangangoko ukunciphisa ilahleko yentambo yothumelo kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zeparasitic ezifana ne-inductance kunye ne-capacitance.
• Ukubekwa kweCandelo ngononophelo:Ukubekwa okucingisisiweyo kwamacandelo kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) kunye nokunciphisa i-crosstalk phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo esekethe.
• Uyilo lweNqwelomoya ephantsi:Ukuphumeza indiza eqinileyo yomhlaba ukubonelela ngendlela ephantsi yokuthintela ukubuya kweempawu, ukunciphisa ingxolo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wesignali.
• Ukwahlulwa koMqondiso:Yahlula i-analog ebuthathaka okanyeIimpawu zeRFukusukaimiqondiso yedijithaliukuthintela ukuphazamiseka okunokuthi kuthobe ukusebenza kweesekethe eziphezulu zefrikhwensi.

Ngokwamazwi enjineli yeRF enamava, “Ukuphucula uyilo lwee-PCB zeRF kubandakanya ukuqwalaselwa ngenyameko kobude bomkhondo, ukubekwa kwecandelo, kunye noyilo olusebenzayo lwenqwelomoya. Ezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iziphumo ze-parasitic kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okusemgangathweni kwizicelo eziphezulu. "

• Ukuqonda iMaximum FrequencykwiiPCBs

Imiqobo kuQhobo kuYilo lwePCB

Xa kufikwa ekufezekiseni iifrikhwensi ephezulukwii-PCBs, kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinciphisa uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezi icandelo le-elektronikis. Kubalulekile ukuba iinjineli kunye nabaqulunqi abasebenza ngee-PCBs ezisebenza rhoqo ukuze baqonde le mida.

Izinto eziNyanzelela elona Xesha liPhezulu liPhumelelayo kwiiPCBs:

1. Iinkcazelo Ngeempawu zeMathiriyeli:Iiimpawu zombaneIzinto ezisetyenziswa kukwenziwa kwe-PCB, ezinje nge-dielectric engaguqukiyo kunye ne-tangent yelahleko, ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo eyona frequency iphezulu apho iPCB inokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo. Njengoko i-frequencies inyuka, izinto eziphathekayo eziphezuluiimpawu zombanekubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ukugqwetheka kunye nelahleko yomqondiso.
2. Iimpembelelo zoMmandla woThutho:Kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu, iziphumo zemigca yothumelo ezifana nokusasazwa kunye nokuthomalalisa ziye zicace ngakumbi, zichaphazela imfezeko yomqondiso. Ezi ziphumo zinciphisa ubuninzi bezandi apho imiqondiso inokuhanjiswa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okubalulekileyo.
3. Ukuchaneka koMveliso:Ukuchaneka kweenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni awona maza afikelelekayo afikelelekayo kwiiPCB. Izinto ezifanaukunyamezelana kobubanzi bomgcas,i-substrate flatness, kunye nomgangatho wokugqiba umphezulu unempembelelo ekusebenzeni ngokubanziukuphindaphinda okuphakamileyos.
4. ULahleko loMqondiso kunye noLawulo loMbane:Njengoko i-frequencies inyuka, ukunciphisa ilahleko yesignali kunye nokugcina impedance engaguqukiyo kuyo yonke ibhodi iba ngumngeni okhulayo. Ukungaqhubeki kwe-impedance kunciphisa uluhlu oluphezulu lwamaza apho i-PCB inokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuqonda le mida kubalulekile ekuyileni ii-PCBs ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza ngelixa zisebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu olunokwenzeka.

Ukuqhubela phambili iMida yeFrequency kwiiPCBs

Izinto ezintsha kunye neTekhnoloji yokufikelela kuQhobo oluPhezulu kwii-PCBs:

1. Izixhobo zokusikaUphuhliso:Uphononongo oluqhubekayo lwezixhobo ezitsha ezineempawu eziphezulu zombane zijolise ekuququzeleleni amaza okusebenza aphezulu kwiiPCBs. Iimathiriyeli ezenzelwe ukubonisa ii-dielectric constants ezisezantsi kunye ne-tangents yelahleko encinci ibalulekile ekutyhaleni imida yeefrikhwensi ezifikelelekayo.
2. ubuChwephesha bokuVelisa okongeziweyo:Inkqubela phambili kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa, kubandakanywa ukunyamezela okungqongqo kububanzi bemigca kunye nokuphucuka kwe-substrate flatness, kunegalelo ekwandiseni imida ephezulu yobuninzi apho ii-PCBs zinokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo.
3. Uyilo oluKhethekileyo lwe-Stackup:Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso koyilo lwe-stackup ukunciphisa iziphumo zentambo yothumelo kunye nokwahluka kwe-impedance kuvumela ukuphuculwa komsebenzi kumaza aphezulu. Ngokukhetha ngobuchule ulungelelwaniso lomaleko kunye nokudityaniswa kwemathiriyeli, abaqulunqi banokwandisa i-frequency ephezulu.usasazo lomqondiso.

Amathemba exesha elizayo kuYilo lwePCB oluQhelekileyo:

Ikamva loyilo lwe-PCB olusebenza rhoqo lunesithembiso sokufezekisa amaza okusebenza aphezulu ngokuqhubekayo kwinzululwazi yemathiriyeli, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa, kunye neendlela zoyilo. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubela phambili yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwezi ndawo, kubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba izixhobo zombane ziya kuxhobisa ngokwandayo izakhono zefrikhwensi ephezulu yokusebenza okuphuculweyo kuzo zonke izicelo.

 

• Ukuphucula uYilo lwePCB kuQhosho oluPhezulu

Xa kufikwa ekulungiseleleni uyilo lwe-PCB lokuphindaphinda okuphezulu, ukubandakanya iingcebiso zeengcaphephe kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka. Ngokudibanisa iikhonsepthi ezisisiseko, ukukhetha ngononophelo imathiriyeli, kunye nokuphumeza ukugqitywa komphezulu ofanelekileyo, abaqulunqi banokuqinisekisa ukuba ii-PCBs ezisebenza ngamandla aphezulu ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo ze-PCB. usetyenziso lwe-elektroniki lwangokus.

Ukongeza ekuqondeni umahluko phakathi kwe-PCBs enesantya esiphezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu, kubalulekile ukugxila kubuchule obuthile bokugcina imfezeko yomqondiso kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kuyilo lwe-frequency ephezulu. Ukubambelela kwindlela elawulwayo ye-impedance, iindlela ezisebenzayo zokumisa, kunye nokucingaukubekwa kwecandeloyimiba ephambili yokuphucula uyilo lwePCB kwizicelo ezisebenza rhoqo.

Ngaphaya koko, ukutyhala imida yee-frequencies ezifikelelwayo kwii-PCBs kufuna ukwamkela iinguqulelo ezintsha kuphuhliso lwemathiriyeli, ubuchule bokuvelisa obuchanekileyo, kunye noyilo olukhethekileyo lokupakisha. Ngokusebenzisa ezi nkqubela phambili, abaqulunqi banokuphonononga imida emitsha kwisakhono sokujikeleza okuphezulu ngelixa bejongana nemida ebekwe ziipropathi zezinto kunye neziphumo zemigca yothumelo.

Le ndlela ibanzi yokuphucula uyilo lwe-PCB yefrikhwensi ephezulu iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zombane zinokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwizandi eziphakamileyo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni isidima sophawu okanye ukusebenza. Ngokugxila kwezona zenzo zilungileyo kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kwitekhnoloji, ikamva loyilo lwe-PCB oluphindaphindwayo lunesithembiso esikhulu sokuzisa ukusebenza okongeziweyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.