Yintoni i-PCB enesantya esiphezulu?
Siyibiza i-PCB enezandi zothumelo lomqondiso ngaphezu kwe-1GHz ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo enesantya esiphezulu.
Zeziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa iiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu?
Ukuphucula isantya somqondiso kunye nokusombulula ingxaki ye-EMI yeemveliso zombane, iiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu zenziwe. Emva koyilo lwe-PCB enesantya esiphezulu ifumene impumelelo enkulu, igalelo layo kwi-EMI liya libaluleke kakhulu. Phantse i-60% yeengxaki ze-EMI zinokusonjululwa ngeePCB ezinesantya esiphezulu.
Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu?
Izixhobo ezinokumelana nobushushu, ukuqina koomatshini, kunye nokulungileyo (ukuthembeka)
Izinto eziphathekayo ezineeparamitha ezizinzileyo zikaDkt / Df (i-coefficient encinci yokwahluka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokusingqongileyo)
Izixhobo ezinolawulo oluhle lwe-impedance
Izinto eziphathekayo ezinobunzima obuphantsi be-foil surface yethusi
Ukukhetha ilaphu lefibre yeglasi enemingxuma emicaba emincinci kuyacetyiswa.
Ngawaphi amacebiso ekufuneka ndiwaqwalasele xa ndisenza i-PCB enesantya esiphezulu?
Iingcebiso ezininzi malunga nokuyila i-PCB enesantya esiphezulu zichazwe ngezantsi.
1) Sebenzisa isoftware yoyilo kunye neendlela eziphambili
Iinjineli kufuneka zazi isoftware yoyilo enokubonelela ngeendlela eziphambili. Izixhobo zesoftware zifuna izinto ezininzi ezinobugocigoci ukuze zikwazi ukuyila iiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu kwisoftware yeCAD. Kufuneka ube nokuqonda okungcono kwezixhobo zeCAD ezinamandla.
2) Umzila ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu
Xa kuziwa kwi-high-speed routing, abaqulunqi kufuneka baqonde imigaqo yomgaqo osisiseko, kubandakanywa nokunganqumli iileyile zomhlaba kunye nokugcina indlela emfutshane. Ke ngoko, nceda uthintele i-crosstalk kumgama othile kwimigca yedijithali kwaye ukhusele zonke izinto ezinokuvelisa uphazamiseko kwimfezeko yomqondiso.
3) Umzila kunye nolawulo lwe-impedance
Kwezinye izibonakaliso ezimalunga ne-40-120 ohms, zifuna ukutshatisa i-impedance. Ukulinganisa okubonakalayo kokuphazamiseka kutyhilwa zii-eriyali kunye nezibini ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
Abaqulunqi kufuneka baqonde indlela yokubala ububanzi bomzila kunye ne-stack-up eyimfuneko yexabiso le-impedance. Ukuba ixabiso le-impedance alichanekanga, linokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwisignali, enokukhokelela kwinkohlakalo yedatha.
4) Imigca ehambelana nobude
Kukho imigca emininzi kwibhasi yememori enesantya esiphezulu kunye nebhasi yojongano. Le migca inokusebenza kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke umqondiso kufuneka udluliselwe ngaxeshanye ukusuka kumthumeli ukuya kumamkeli. Ukongeza, ifuna isici esibizwa ngokuba kukuthelekisa ubude. Ngoko ke, imigangatho eqhelekileyo ichaza amaxabiso okunyamezela okufuneka ahambelane nobude.
5) Nciphisa indawo yesekethe yokubuya yangoku
Abaqulunqi be-PCB abanesantya esiphezulu kufuneka balandele imigaqo esisiseko, njengokuyila umaleko oqhubekayo womhlaba kunye nokunciphisa ummandla wesekethe yangoku yokubuyisela ngokulungisa indlela yokubuyisela yangoku yomzila, kunye nokubeka ii-vias ezininzi ezithungayo.
Zeziphi ezinye iindlela ezilungileyo zokwenza iiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu?
Izakhono zokuyila ze-PCB ezikhawulezayo zilawulwa, eziqinisekisa ingqibelelo yomqondiso.
Izixhobo ze-PCB ezinesantya esiphezulu zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokuhanjiswa komqondiso.
Ulawulo lwemveliso luyenziwa. Amanqaku aphambili olawulo ngexesha lokuvelisa ububanzi beesekethe, izithuba zomaleko, i-vias ehlanganiswe ngobhedu, ubukhulu bobhedu beesekethe, ubukhulu bemaski ye-solder, njl.
Lithini ixabiso lobunini xa kufikwa kwiiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu?
Ezi zinto zilandelayo ziya kuchaphazela iindleko zeePCB ezinesantya esiphezulu.
Izinto eziphathekayo (i-substrate, ubukhulu be-substrate, ubukhulu bobhedu)
Izixhobo zokuvelisa ezisetyenzisiweyo
Ubunzima bokuvelisa
Iimfuno zoMthengi
Indlela yokupakisha ekhethiweyo
Indlela yokuhanjiswa ekhethiweyo
Uyilwa njani iPCB enesantya esiphezulu?
Uyilo lwePCB olunesantya esiphezulu yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ingqwalasela epheleleyo yemiqondiso, i-impedance, imigca yothumelo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi zobugcisa. Amanqaku alandelayo obugcisa anokubonelela ngereferensi ethile.
Sebenzisa iileya ezininzi ukwenza umzila ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukufutshane ukukhokela phakathi kwezikhonkwane zezixhobo zesekethe ezikhawulezayo, kungcono.
Sebenzisa umhlaba ojikelezileyo kwiilayini zemiqondiso ezibalulekileyo okanye iiyunithi zendawo.
Umgca wesignali we-high-frequency obekwe kumaleko womphezulu ulungele ukuvelisa imitha ye-electromagnetic enkulu. Umgca wesignali we-high-frequency kufuneka ubekwe phakathi komgangatho wamandla kunye nomgangatho womhlaba. Imitha eveliswayo iya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yokufunxwa kwamaza ombane we-electromagnetic umaleko wamandla kunye nomaleko ongezantsi.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-PCB enesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-PCB eqhelekileyo?
Kwi-PCB eqhelekileyo, abantu baxhalabile kakhulu malunga nesekethe emfutshane, ukugquma, kunye neminye imiba yocingo lwentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusukela ukusebenza okuphezulu kweemveliso ze-elektroniki, ukuhanjiswa komqondiso kufuneka kwandiswe kwaye abantu bazixhalabise ngakumbi malunga noyilo lwengqibelelo yophawu lwePCB enesantya esiphezulu.
Ngaba kukho ukuqwalaselwa okukhethekileyo xa uphethe iiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu?
Ingqwalasela eyodwa ilele kuyilo lwePCB enesantya esiphezulu kunye nemveliso xa uphethe iiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu.
Ubude bendlela eyahlukileyo kufuneka buhambelane.
Umzila akufuneki uwele iinqwelomoya ezingaphelelanga emhlabeni.
Musa ukubeka amanqaku ovavanyo kuyo nayiphi na imigca yophawu olunesantya esiphezulu.
Musa ukuhambisa imigca yesignali enesantya esiphezulu kufutshane okanye ngaphantsi kweekristale, ii-oscillators, umbane otshintshayo, imingxuma yokunyuka, izixhobo zemagnethi, okanye iitshiphusi zesignali ngamaxesha athile.
Zama ukuhambisa imigca yemiqondiso enesantya esiphezulu kumaleko angaphezulu nasezantsi ngongqimba olupheleleyo lomhlaba. Akukhuthazwa ukuhambisa imigca kwinqwelo yangaphakathi.
Gcina umgama ukusuka kumqondiso wesantya esiphezulu ukuya kumda wesalathiso somhlaba wereferensi ngaphezu kwe-90mil.
Nika ingqalelo ekuphatheni i-socket kunye ne-connector wiring.
Ububanzi bomkhondo weCoppe, isithuba, kunye nolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo kufuneka lulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuhlangabezana nexabiso elibambekayo lokuthintela.
Uvavanyo lwe-impedance ye-TDR ludla ngokufuneka xa ii-PCB ezinesantya esiphezulu zigqityiwe.
Iintlobo zezinto ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ukuhlangabezana nemisebenzi efunwayo.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu osicaba kuyafuneka kwiiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu, kwaye sihlala sicebisa i-ENIG yonyango lomphezulu we-ENEPIG.
Leliphi izinga logqithiso lwedatha oluphezulu olunokufikelelwa kwi-PCB enesantya esiphezulu?
Ubungakanani bethiyori ephezulu yokudluliselwa kwedatha efikelelekayo kwi-PCB enesantya esiphezulu yi-10.0GPs (iGigabits ngesekhondi) ngokude, kodwa oku kuphucula ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye iinkqubo ezifunekayo xa kuyilwa i-PCB enesantya esiphezulu?
Kukho izixhobo ezifunekayo zesoftware yoyilo lwePCB kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ze-EDA ezisetyenziswa xa kuyilwa i-PCB enesantya esiphezulu njengeCadence, Mentor, PADS, Altium, HyperLynx, HFSS, ADS, njl.
Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba isixhobo esinye sesoftware sinokufaneleka kwiprojekthi enye yePCB, ngelixa esinye isixhobo sesoftware sinokusetyenziswa ngcono kwezinye iindidi zeeprojekthi. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana isixhobo software yoyilo PCB ekunene.
Zeziphi iinkcukacha ezisisiseko kunye nababoneleli ngesantya esiphezulu semathiriyeli yePCB?
Imathiriyeli yesantya esiphezulu inokuba yi-FR4, i-ceramic, i-PTFE okanye i-PTFE imathiriyeli eyomeleziweyo nge-1 Ghz ukuya kwi-100 Ghz. Kukho ababoneleli abaninzi abadumileyo besantya esiphezulu sePCB abanjengaba: Rogers, ISOLA, Ventec, ITEQ, TUC, SHENGYI, Panasonic, Taconic, njl.