I-High-Frequency PCB Design kanye Nomhlangano: Izinto Ezibalulekile
Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe asezingeni eliphezulu(ama-PCB) ayizingxenye ezibalulekile kuhlelo lokusebenza oluhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezokuxhumana, amasistimu e-radar, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, nokucubungula idatha ngesivinini esikhulu. Ukusebenza kwalawa ma-PCB kuthonywa kakhulu izinto ezikhethelwe ukwakheka nokuhlanganisa kwazo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinto zokuqala ezisetshenziswa ku high-frequency PCB design kanye nokuhlanganisa, egcizelela izici nezinzuzo zabo.
- Izinto Eziyisisekelo: Izinto eziyisisekelo zakha isisekelo se-PCB yefrikhwensi ephezulu futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni izici zayo zikagesi. Ezinye zezinto eziyisisekelo ezihamba phambili ezisetshenziswa kuma-PCB anemvamisa ephezulu zifaka:
- FR-4: I-epoxy resin fiberglass composite eyongayo futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi, i-FR-4 ihlinzeka ngomshini omuhle futhiukuzinza okushisayo.Nokho, itsi-dielectric njalo(Dk) kanyeisici sokuqeda(I-Df) ingase ingabi efanelekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephezulu.
- Rogers Materials: I-Rogers idume ngezinto zayo ze-dielectric ezisebenza kahle, njenge-RT/Duroid. Lezi zinsiza zifaka amanani avelele we-dielectric constant (Dk) kanye ne-dissipation factor (Df), azenze zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-PCB yemvamisa ephezulu.
- I-Taconic Materials: I-Taconic inikeza izinto ezihlukahlukene ze-dielectric eziphezulu zokusebenza, njenge-PEEK (i-Polyether Ether Ketone) ne-polyimide, ehlinzeka ngokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa kanye namanani aphansi e-Df, okwenza kube ngokufaneleka kahle kuma-circuits aphezulu-frequency.
- Izinto Zokuqhuba: Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB yemvamisa ephezulu njengoba kunquma ukusebenza kwesekethe, ukumelana, nobuqotho besignali. Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-PCB anemvamisa ephezulu zifaka:
- I-Copper: I-Copper yiyona nto esetshenziswa kakhulu e-conductive ngenxa ye-conductivity yayo ehlukile futhiukuphumelela kwezindleko. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana kwayo kuyanda ngokuvama, ngakho-ke izingqimba zethusi ezizacile zingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-high-frequency.
- Igolide: Igolide laziwa ngokusebenza kwalo okuvelele kanye nokumelana okuphansi, okulenza lifanelekele kahle ama-PCB anemvamisa ephezulu. Inikeza okuhle futhiukumelana nokugqwalakanye nokuqina. Nokho, igolide libiza kakhulu kunethusi, linciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo kulo izicelo ezizwelayo izindleko.
- I-Aluminium: I-Aluminium iyinketho engavamile kakhulu yama-PCB efrikhwensi ephezulu kodwa ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezithile lapho isisindo nezindleko kuwukukhathazeka okuyinhloko. I-conductivity yayo iphansi kunethusi negolide, okungase kudinge ukucatshangelwa okwengeziwe ekuklanyeni.
- Izinto zeDielectric: Izinto ze-Dielectric zibalulekile ekuvimbeleni imikhondo ye-conductive ku-PCB futhi zibalulekile ekunqumeni izici zikagesi ze-PCB. Ezinye zezinto eziphezulu ze-dielectric ezisetshenziswa kuma-PCB anemvamisa ephezulu zifaka:
- Umoya: Umoya uyimpahla ye-dielectric evame kakhulu futhi iletha ukusebenza kahle kukagesi kumafrikhwensi aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuzinza kwayo kokushisa kulinganiselwe, futhi kungase kungafaneleki izicelo zokushisa okuphezulu.
- I-Polyimide: I-Polyimide iyi-ahigh-performance dielectric materialidume ngokuzinza kwayo okushisayo kanye namanani aphansi e-Df. Isetshenziswa kaningi kuma-PCB anemvamisa ephezulu adinga ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
- I-Epoxy: Izinto ze-dielectric ezisekelwe ku-epoxy zinikeza ukuzinza okuhle komshini nokushisa. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezintweni eziyisisekelo ze-FR-4 futhi zinikeza ukusebenza okuhle kukagesi kufika kumafrikhwensi athile.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakheka kwe-PCB yemvamisa ephezulu kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle. Izinto eziyisisekelo, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, nezinto ze-dielectric konke kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni izakhiwo zikagesi ze-PCB, ubuqotho besignali, nokwethembeka. Abaqambi kufanele bakhethe ngokucophelela lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza okuphelele. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izinto ezintsha kanye nezithuthukisi ezintweni ezikhona zizoqhubeka nokuvela, okuqhubekisele phambili nokwandisa amandla ama-PCB asebenza ngamaza aphezulu.