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Yini nge-PCB?
2024-07-25 21:51:41
Yini nge-PCB?
I-Vias yizimbobo ezivame kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kwe-PCB. Baxhuma izingqimba ezihlukene zenethiwekhi efanayo kodwa ngokuvamile azisetshenziselwa izingxenye ze-solder. I-Vias ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ngemigodi, i-blind vias, kanye nama-vias angcwatshwe. Imininingwane yemininingwane yalezi zivivinyo ezintathu imi kanje ngezansi:
Iqhaza Le-Blind Vias ku-PCB Design and Production
Izimpumputhe nge
I-Vis eyimpumputhe izimbobo ezincane ezixhuma ungqimba olulodwa lwe-PCB kwenye ngaphandle kokudlula kulo lonke ibhodi. Lokhu kuvumela abaklami ukuthi bakhe ama-PCB ayinkimbinkimbi futhi aminyene ngokusebenza kahle nangokwethembeka kunezindlela ezivamile. Ngokusebenzisa i- blind vias, abaklami bangakha amazinga amaningi ebhodini elilodwa, behlise izindleko zengxenye futhi basheshise izikhathi zokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, ukujula kwempumputhe ngokudlula ngokuvamile akufanele kudlule isilinganiso esithile esihlobene nokuvuleka kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula okunembile kokujula kokumba (i-axis Z) kubalulekile. Ukulawulwa okunganele kungaholela ebunzimeni ngesikhathi senqubo ye-electroplating.
Enye indlela yokudala i-vias eyimpumputhe ihilela ukubhoboza izimbobo ezidingekayo kungqimba ngayinye yesifunda ngaphambi kokuyihlanganisa ndawonye. Isibonelo, uma udinga impumputhe ngokusuka ku-L1 ukuya ku-L4, ungaqala ubhoboze izimbobo ku-L1 naku-L2, naku-L3 naku-L4, bese uhlanganisa zonke izingqimba ezine. Le ndlela idinga ukumisa okunembe kakhulu kanye nemishini yokuqondanisa. Womabili amasu aqokomisa ukubaluleka kokunemba kunqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwe-PCB.
Wangcwatshwa nge
Yini engcwatshwa nge-vias?
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-micro via kanye nokungcwatshwa nge?
Ama-vias angcwatshwe yizingxenye ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB, axhumanisa amasekethe ongqimba lwangaphakathi ngaphandle kokudlulela kuzendlalelo zangaphandle, okuwenza angabonakali ngaphandle. Lezi zindlela zibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwesignali yangaphakathi. Ochwepheshe embonini ye-PCB bavame ukuphawula ukuthi, "Ama-vias angcwatshwe anciphisa amathuba okuthikamezeka kwesignali, alondoloze ukuqhubeka kwesici somugqa wokudlulisa, futhi asindise isikhala sezintambo." Lokhu kuwenza alungele ama-PCB anomthamo omkhulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu.
Njengoba ama-vias angcwatshwe angeke abhoboze i-post-lamination, ukubhoboza kufanele kwenziwe ezingqimbeni zesekethe ngayinye ngaphambi kokugcoba. Le nqubo idla isikhathi esiningi uma iqhathaniswa nezimbobo nezimbobo zokungena ezingaboni, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-vias angcwatshwe asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-PCB anobukhulu obuphezulu ukuze kwandiswe isikhala esisebenzisekayo kwezinye izendlalelo zesekhethi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okuphelele nokuthembeka kwe-PCB.
Ngezimbobo
Ngezimbobo kusetshenziswa ukuxhuma zonke izingqimba ngokusebenzisa ungqimba olungaphezulu nolwendlalelo olungezansi. Ukufaka ithusi ngaphakathi kwezimbobo kungasetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni kwangaphakathi noma njengembobo yokubeka ingxenye. Inhloso yokudlula izimbobo ukuvumela ukudlula kwezintambo zikagesi noma ezinye izingxenye endaweni. Ngezimbobo hlinzeka ngendlela yokukhweza nokuvikela ukuxhunywa kukagesi kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe, izintambo noma ama-substrates afanayo adinga indawo yokunamathisela. Zibuye zisetshenziswe njengamahange nezinsimbi emikhiqizweni yezimboni efana nefenisha, amashelufu, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha. Ukwengeza, ngokusebenzisa izimbobo kunganikeza ukufinyelela kokudlula kuma-threaded rods emishinini noma ezintweni zesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuxhuma emigodini iyadingeka. I-Viasion ifingqa izidingo ezilandelayo zokuxhuma ngezimbobo.
*Hlanza izimbobo ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuhlanza i-plasma.
*Qinisekisa ukuthi imbobo ayinayo imfucumfucu, ukungcola nothuli.
*Linganisa izimbobo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iyahambisana nedivayisi yokuxhuma
*Khetha okokufaka okufanelekile kokugcwalisa izimbobo: i-silicone caulk, i-epoxy putty, igwebu elikhulayo noma ingcina ye-polyurethane.
*Faka bese ucindezela idivayisi yokuxhuma emgodini.
*Yibambe isesimweni ngokuvikelekile okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kokukhulula ukucindezela.
*Sula noma iyiphi into yokugcwalisa ngokweqile ezungeze izimbobo uma sekuqediwe.
*Bheka izimbobo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi azivuzi noma azilimele.
*Phinda inqubo njengoba kudingeka ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-via ukuxhuma ugesi. Ubukhulu buncane kunezinye izimbobo ezisetshenziselwa izingxenye ze-solder. Izimbobo ezisetshenziselwa izingxenye ze-solder zizoba zikhudlwana. Kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-PCB, ukubhola kuyinqubo eyisisekelo, futhi umuntu akanakunganaki ngakho. Ibhodi lesekhethi alikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lukagesi nemisebenzi yedivayisi engashintshi ngaphandle kokubhoboza okudingekayo ngezimbobo zepuleti eline-copper-clad. Uma ukubhoboza okungafanele kubangela noma iyiphi inkinga ohlelweni lokubhoboza izimbobo, kungase kuthinte ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, noma ibhodi lonke lizochithwa, ngakho inqubo yokubhoboza ibalulekile.
Izindlela zokumba ama-vias
Ikakhulukazi kunezindlela ezimbili zokubhola ze-vias: ukubhola ngomshini nokubhola nge-laser.
Ukubhoboza ngemishini ngezimbobo kuyinqubo ebalulekile embonini ye-PCB. Ngezimbobo, noma ngezimbobo, kukhona izimbobo ze-cylindrical ezidlula ngokuphelele ebhodini bese zixhuma uhlangothi olulodwa kolunye. Zisetshenziselwa ukufaka izingxenye kanye nokuxhuma ama-circuits kagesi phakathi kwezingqimba. Ukubhoboza izimbobo ngomshini kuhilela ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile anjengama-drill, ama-reamer, nama countersink ukuze kudalwe lezi zintuba ngokunemba nangokunemba. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngesandla noma ngemishini ezenzakalelayo kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi bomklamo kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Izinga lokubhola ngomshini lithinta ngqo ukusebenza nokuthembeka komkhiqizo, ngakho lesi sinyathelo kufanele senziwe ngendlela efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokugcina izindinganiso eziphakeme ngokumba ngomshini, ngokusebenzisa izimbobo kungenziwa ngokwethembeka nangokunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhunywa kukagesi okuphumelelayo.
I-Laser drilling
Ukubhoboza ngemishini ngezimbobo kuyinqubo ebalulekile embonini ye-PCB. Ngezimbobo, noma ngezimbobo, kukhona izimbobo ze-cylindrical ezidlula ngokuphelele ebhodini bese zixhuma uhlangothi olulodwa kolunye. Zisetshenziselwa ukufaka izingxenye kanye nokuxhuma ama-circuits kagesi phakathi kwezingqimba. Ukubhoboza izimbobo ngomshini kuhilela ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile anjengama-drill, ama-reamer, nama countersink ukuze kudalwe lezi zintuba ngokunemba nangokunemba. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngesandla noma ngemishini ezenzakalelayo kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi bomklamo kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Izinga lokubhola ngomshini lithinta ngqo ukusebenza nokuthembeka komkhiqizo, ngakho lesi sinyathelo kufanele senziwe ngendlela efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokugcina izindinganiso eziphakeme ngokumba ngomshini, ngokusebenzisa izimbobo kungenziwa ngokwethembeka nangokunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhunywa kukagesi okuphumelelayo.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-PCB ngedizayini
Qinisekisa ukuthi i- vias ayisondelene kakhulu nezingxenye noma ezinye izindlela.
I-Vias iyingxenye ebalulekile yomklamo we-PCB futhi kufanele ibekwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayibangeli ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izingxenye noma nge-vias. Uma i-vias iseduze kakhulu, kunobungozi bokujikeleza okufushane, okungalimaza kakhulu i-PCB nazo zonke izingxenye ezixhunyiwe. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Viasion, ukunciphisa le ngozi, i-vias kufanele ibekwe okungenani amayintshi angu-0.1 kude nezingxenye, futhi i-vias akufanele ibekwe eduze kwama-intshi angu-0.05 komunye nomunye.
Qinisekisa ukuthi i-vias ayidluleli nokulandela umkhondo noma amaphedi kuzendlalelo ezingomakhelwane.
Lapho uklama ama-vias ebhodi lesifunda, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-vias awadluleli nanoma yimiphi iminonjana noma amaphedi kwezinye izendlalelo. Kungenxa yokuthi i-vias ingabangela izikhindi zikagesi, okuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu nokwehluleka. Njengoba onjiniyela bethu bephakamisa, i-vias kufanele ibekwe ngendlela efanelekile ezindaweni ezingenazo iminonjana eseduze noma amaphedi ukuze kugwenywe le ngozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izoqinisekisa ukuthi i-vias ayiphazamisi ezinye izakhi ku-PCB.
Cabangela izilinganiso zamanje nezinga lokushisa lapho uklama nge-vias.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-vias ane-copper plating enhle ukuze akwazi ukuthwala njengamanje.
Ukufakwa kwe-vias kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela, kugwenywe izindawo lapho umzila ungase ube nzima noma ungenzeki khona.
Qonda izidingo zedizayini ngaphambi kokukhetha ngamasayizi nezinhlobo.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi beka ngokusebenzisa okungenani u-0.3mm ukusuka emaphethelweni ebhodi ngaphandle uma kucaciswe ngenye indlela.
Uma i-vias ibekwe eduze kakhulu kwenye, ingalimaza ibhodi lapho ibhobolwa noma ihanjiswa.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela i-aspect ratio ye-vias ngesikhathi sokuklama, njengoba i-vias ene-aspect ratio ephezulu ingathinta ubuqotho besignali kanye nokukhishwa kokushisa.
Qinisekisa ukuthi i-vias inemvume eyanele kwezinye izinto, izingxenye kanye nemiphetho yebhodi njengemithetho yokuklama ngayinye.
Uma ama-vias ebekwe ngamabhangqa noma izinombolo ezibaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuwasakaza ngokulinganayo ukuze asebenze kahle.
Qaphela i-vias engase isondele kakhulu emzimbeni wengxenye, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu ezidlulayo.
Icubungula ngezindiza eziseduze.
Kufanele zibekwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuncishiswe isignali nomsindo wamandla.
Cabangela ukubeka i-vias kungqimba olufanayo namasiginali lapho kungenzeka khona, njengoba lokhu kunciphisa izindleko ze-vias futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza.
Nciphisa i-vias count ukuze unciphise ubunkimbinkimbi bomklamo kanye nezindleko.
Izici zemishini ye-PCB ngembobo
Ububanzi bembobo
Ububanzi bezimbobo kufanele budlule ububanzi bephinikhodi yengxenye ye-plug-in futhi kugcine imajini ethile. I-diameter encane i-wiring engafinyelela kuyo ngezimbobo inqunyelwe ukubhoboza nobuchwepheshe be-electroplating. Okuncane ngobubanzi bembobo, indawo encane ku-PCB, i-parasitic capacitance incane, kanye nokusebenza okungcono kwemvamisa ephezulu, kodwa izindleko zizoba phezulu.
Iphedi yembobo
Iphedi ibona ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwesendlalelo sangaphakathi se-electroplating sembobo ephumela kanye nezintambo endaweni yebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (noma ngaphakathi).
Amandla wokudlula emgodini
i-ach ngokusebenzisa umgodi inamandla e-parasitic phansi. Umthamo we-parasitic wembobo uzonciphisa noma wonakalise unqenqema olukhuphukayo lwesiginali yedijithali, okungekuhle ekudluliselweni kwesignali yemvamisa ephezulu. Kungumphumela omubi omkhulu we- through-hole parasitic capacitance. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni ezijwayelekile, umthelela we-over-hole capacitance ye-parasitic ubuncane futhi ungaba yinto encane—ububanzi obuncane bembobo edlulayo, kube buncane amandla e-parasitic.
Ukungeniswa kwembobo
Ngezimbobo zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-PCB ukuxhuma izingxenye zikagesi, kodwa futhi zingaba nomphumela ongalindelekile: inductance.
I-inductance iyizimbobo ezenzeka lapho amandla kagesi egeleza kuzo futhi eheha insimu kazibuthe. Le nkundla kazibuthe ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kokunye ukuxhumana kwembobo, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwesignali noma ukuhlanekezela. Uma sifuna ukunciphisa le miphumela, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-inductance isebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuklama ongazithatha ukuze unciphise umthelela wako kuma-PCB akho.
Ububanzi bezimbobo kufanele budlule ububanzi bephinikhodi yengxenye ye-plug-in futhi kugcine imajini ethile. I-diameter encane i-wiring engafinyelela kuyo ngezimbobo inqunyelwe ukubhoboza nobuchwepheshe be-electroplating. Okuncane ngobubanzi bembobo, indawo encane ku-PCB, i-parasitic capacitance incane, kanye nokusebenza okungcono kwemvamisa ephezulu, kodwa izindleko zizoba phezulu.
Kungani i-PCB vias kufanele ixhunywe?
Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani i-PCB vias kumele ixhunywe, ifinyezwe yi-Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd :
I-Shenzhen Rich Full Joy Electronics Co., Ltd:
I-PCB vias inikeza isixhumanisi esibonakalayo sokukhweza izingxenye futhi ixhume izendlalelo ze-PCB ezihlukene, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele ibhodi ukuthi yenze umsebenzi wayo ohlosiwe kahle.Ama-PCB vias nawo asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okushisayo kwe-PCB nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali. Njengoba i-PCB vias ihambisa ugesi usuka kwesinye ungqimba we-PCB uye kwenye, kufanele axhunywe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingqimba ezihlukene ze-PCB. Okokugcina, i-PCB vias isiza ukuvimbela amasekhethi amafushane ngokugwema ukuthintana nanoma yiziphi ezinye izingxenye eziveziwe ku-PCB.Ngakho-ke, I-PCB vias kufanele ixhunywe ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kukagesi noma ukulimala ku-PCB.
Isifinyezo
Kafushane, i-PCB vias iyizingxenye ezibalulekile zama-PCB, eziwavumela ukuthi ahambise amasiginali ngempumelelo phakathi kwezendlalelo futhi axhume izakhi zebhodi ezihlukile. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo nezinjongo zabo ezihlukahlukene, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi idizayini yakho ye-PCB ithuthukiselwe ukusebenza nokwethembeka.
I-Shenzhen Rui Zhi Xin Feng Electronics Co., Ltd. inikezela ngokukhiqiza okuphelele kwe-PCB, ukutholakala kwezingxenye, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB, nezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza ngogesi. Ngesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, siye saletha ngokungaguquki izixazululo ze-PCBA zekhwalithi ephezulu ngamanani ancintisanayo kumakhasimende angaphezu kuka-6,000 omhlaba. Inkampani yethu iqinisekiswe ngezitifiketi ezahlukahlukene zezimboni kanye nezimvume ze-UL. Yonke imikhiqizo yethu ihlolwa ngo-100% i-E-testing, AOI, kanye ne-X-RAY ukuze ihlangabezane namazinga aphezulu kakhulu embonini. Sizibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ngekhwalithi eyingqayizivele nokuthembeka kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi womhlangano we-PCB.
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Isingeniso Senqubo Yokubhola:
1. Ukuphina, Ukubhoboza, kanye Nokufunda Imigodi
Inhloso:Ukubhoboza izimbobo endaweni ye-PCB ukuze kutholakale ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezendlalelo ezihlukene.
Ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane ezingenhla zokubhoboza nezikhonkwane ezingezansi zokufunda imbobo, le nqubo iqinisekisa ukwakhiwa kwama-vias asiza ukuxhumana kwesekethe ye-interlayer ebhodini lesekethe eliphrintiwe (PCB).
I-CNC Drilling:
Inhloso:Ukubhoboza izimbobo endaweni ye-PCB ukuze kutholakale ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezendlalelo ezihlukene.
Izinto Ezibalulekile:
I-Drill Bits:Ihlanganiswe ne-tungsten carbide, i-cobalt, ne-organic adhesives.
Icwecwe Lekhava:Ikakhulukazi i-aluminium, esetshenziselwa ukubeka i-drill bit, ukuqeda ukushisa, ukunciphisa ama-burrs, nokuvimbela ukulimala konyawo lokucindezela phakathi nenqubo.
I-Backing Plate:Ikakhulukazi ibhodi eliyinhlanganisela, elisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ithebula lomshini wokumba, ukuvimbela ama-burrs aphumayo, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa le-drill bit, nokuhlanza izinsalela zenhlaka ezivela emitshingoni yokubhoboza.
Ngokusebenzisa ukunemba okuphezulu kwe-CNC, le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuxhuma okunembile nokuthembekile kwe-interlayer kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB).
Ukuhlola Imbobo:
Inhloso:Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okungahambi kahle okufana nokubhoboza ngokweqile, ukubhoboza ngaphansi, imigodi evalekile, imigodi emikhulu, noma imigodi encane ngemva kwenqubo yokumba.
Ngokuhlola imbobo ephelele, siqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuvumelana kwayo ngayinye, siqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi nokuthembeka kwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (PCB).