PCB Inspection - Online AOI
In the production of PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards), precise defect inspection is crucial for ensuring product quality. Below are descriptions of common PCB defects:
Short Circuit
Description: A short circuit occurs when two or more electrical paths on the PCB are unintentionally connected, causing current to flow where it shouldn't. This situation can lead to circuit failure or damage.
Impact:
- May cause the circuit board to burn out
- Affects the normal operation of the circuit
- Increases current load, potentially causing overheating
Open Circuit
Description: An open circuit refers to a break or loss of connection in the electrical paths on the PCB, preventing current flow. This defect can result in the circuit not functioning properly.
Impact:
- Causes circuit failure
- May prevent the device from starting
- Affects overall circuit stability
Line Width and Spacing Over Tolerance
Description: Line width and spacing over tolerance occur when the width of the electrical lines or the distance between adjacent lines exceeds design specifications. This can lead to signal interference or circuit shorts.
Impact:
- Affects the electrical performance of the circuit
- Increases signal interference
- May lead to unstable circuit functionality
Notch
Description: A notch is an unfilled or unprocessed area on the PCB, which can cause incomplete circuit connections or shorts.
Impact:
- May lead to electrical connection issues
- Increases the risk of leakage currents
- Affects the overall strength of the circuit board
Copper Bump
Description: A copper bump refers to raised areas of copper on the PCB, typically caused by uneven coating processes or excessive copper plating.
Impact:
- May cause soldering issues
- Increases surface unevenness of the PCB
- Affects electrical performance
Copper Sink
Description: A copper sink is a depression or sinkhole in the copper layer of the PCB, usually caused by uneven etching or insufficient copper deposition.
Impact:
- Affects electrical connection quality
- May lead to unstable signal transmission
- Increases the risk of defects in the circuit board
Pin Hole
Description: A pinhole is a small hole on the PCB, usually caused by uneven resin or coating. Pinhole defects can lead to decreased electrical performance or insulation failure.
Impact:
- Affects electrical insulation performance
- Increases the risk of leakage currents
- Reduces the reliability of the circuit board
Copper Residue
Description: Copper residue refers to copper layers that were not completely removed during processing, which can affect subsequent manufacturing steps.
Impact:
- Affects soldering quality
- May cause circuit shorts or opens
- Increases difficulty in subsequent processing
Missing Hole
Description: A missing hole refers to absent or improperly drilled holes on the PCB, usually due to issues in the drilling process. This defect results in incomplete circuit functionality.
Impact:
- Affects electrical connections on the PCB
- May lead to circuit functionality failure
- Increases production costs and time
Hole Plugging
Description: Hole plugging involves the filling of vias on the PCB with resin or other materials, which can impact normal circuit functionality.
Impact:
- May cause electrical shorts or opens
- Affects the quality of PCB assembly
- Increases difficulty in testing and debugging
Broken Hole
Description: A broken hole refers to cracks or damage in the vias on the PCB, typically due to drilling issues.
Impact:
- Affects the mechanical strength of the PCB
- May lead to poor electrical connections
- Increases production and repair costs
Copper Missing
Description: Copper missing is the absence or uneven distribution of copper layers on the PCB, which can cause electrical connection problems or performance degradation.
Impact:
- Affects the quality of electrical connections
- May lead to unstable signal transmission
- Increases the risk of defects in the circuit board
Dimension and Position Error
Description: Dimension and position errors refer to deviations in the size or placement of components or lines on the PCB from design specifications, often caused by manufacturing errors.
Impact:
- May cause components to be incorrectly assembled
- Affects the functionality and reliability of the PCB
- Increases difficulty in debugging and repair
Accurate inspection and identification of these defects significantly enhance the quality of PCB production, ensuring the reliability and performance of the circuit boards in various applications.
PCB Online AOI Equipment Features
PCB Online AOI (Automated Optical Inspection) equipment is a crucial tool in modern circuit board production, boasting several intelligent features that significantly enhance detection accuracy and efficiency. Here are the main technical highlights of this equipment:
- AOI Mimicking Human Visual Mechanism
Feature: This AOI equipment is designed to closely replicate the human visual system, utilizing advanced image processing technology and algorithms to simulate human visual judgment. This enables the equipment to provide more accurate detection results for complex defects and subtle differences.
Advantages:
- Enhanced Detection Accuracy
- More Precise Identification of Minor Defects
- Reduced False and Missed Detection Rates
- Comprehensive Line Inspection Parameters and Core Defect Detection
Feature: The equipment offers a full range of line inspection parameters, including various defect detection capabilities, with a strong emphasis on detecting core defects. These parameters ensure a comprehensive and accurate inspection process.
Advantages:
- Powerful Defect Recognition Capability
- Efficient Detection Process
- Adaptability to Complex PCB Requirements
- Multiple Detection Logic Parameters
Feature: Equipped with multiple detection logics, the equipment can adjust flexibly according to different parameters and conditions, ensuring that no potential issues are missed during the inspection.
Advantages:
- Adaptive Detection Strategies
- Increased Inspection Coverage
- Ensured High Accuracy
- Advanced Error Correction Function
Feature: Features a robust error correction function that addresses issues such as board deformation and warping, effectively compensating in alignment modes to avoid misjudgments.
Advantages:
- Improved Adaptability to Deformed and Warped Boards
- Reduced Misdetections Due to Board Shape Variations
- Maintained High Detection Accuracy
- Partitioned Detection for Critical and Non-Critical Areas
Feature: Divides the board into critical and non-critical areas, applying stricter judgment standards to small lines and their surrounding regions. This approach effectively reduces false reports while ensuring that critical areas are not missed.
Advantages:
- Precise Detection of Key Areas
- Reduced False Report Rate
- Improved Inspection Efficiency
- Specialized Analysis for Linear Corners
Feature: For linear corners, the equipment uses unique detection logic to avoid false points caused by discrepancies between CAM data and actual corner shapes, while minimizing missed detection issues like notches and copper bumps.
Advantages:
- Reduced False Points
- Increased Detection Accuracy at Corners
- Enhanced Inspection Quality
- Three Hole Coverage Modes
Feature: Offers three different hole coverage modes: drill over-tolerance coverage, hole break coverage, and drill open circuit coverage. This flexibility caters to varying customer and PCB drilling inspection requirements, significantly reducing false points and improving production efficiency.
Advantages:
- Adaptable to Various Drilling Inspection Needs
- Significantly Reduces False Points
- Lowers VRS Workload and Enhances Production Capacity
Summary
PCB Online AOI equipment, with its intelligent features closely mimicking human visual mechanisms, comprehensive line inspection capabilities, multiple detection logics, advanced error correction functions, and targeted detection strategies, significantly improves PCB inspection accuracy and efficiency. These intelligent characteristics ensure high-quality circuit board production, meeting the stringent precision and reliability requirements of modern electronics manufacturing.