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PCB Trace Kupanga Njira: Zida, Njira, ndi Zofunika Kwambiri

Kupanga kwa Printed Circuit Board (PCB) ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kwa PCB. Njirayi imaphatikizapo magawo angapo, kuchokera ku mapangidwe a dera mpaka kupanga mapangidwe enieni, kuonetsetsa kuti chomaliza chimagwira ntchito modalirika. Pansipa pali chidule chatsatanetsatane cha zida, njira, ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudzidwa pakufufuza.

1.Trace Design

Zida ndi Njira:

• Mapulogalamu a CAD:Zida monga Altium Designer, Eagle, ndi KiCAD ndizofunikira popanga ma PCB. Amathandizira kupanga zojambula zamagawo ndi masanjidwe, kukhathamiritsa bolodi kuti igwire ntchito zamagetsi ndi magwiridwe antchito.
• Mafayilo a Gerber:Mukamaliza kupanga, mafayilo a Gerber amapangidwa. Mafayilowa ndi mtundu wamba wa PCB kupanga, wokhala ndi chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha gawo lililonse la PCB.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

• Onetsetsani kuti mapangidwewo akutsatira miyezo yamakampani ndikuchita Macheke a Design Rule (DRC) kuti mupewe zolakwika.
• Konzani masanjidwe kuti muchepetse kusokonekera kwa ma siginecha ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amagetsi.
• Tsimikizirani kulondola kwa mafayilo a Gerber kuti mupewe zovuta panthawi yopanga.

2. Kujambula zithunzi

Zida ndi Njira:

• Wojambula:Imasintha mapangidwe a CAD kukhala ma photomasks omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa ma trace pa PCB.
• Exposure Unit:Amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) kusamutsa mawonekedwe a photomask pa laminate yotchinga ndi mkuwa.
• Wopanga:Imachotsa chithunzithunzi chosawonekera, kuwulula mawonekedwe amkuwa.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

• Onetsetsani kuti ma photomasks akuyanidwa bwino ndi laminate kuti musapatuke.
• Sungani malo aukhondo kuti fumbi ndi zowononga zisakhudze kusamutsidwa kwapatani.
• Yang'anirani nthawi zowonekera ndi chitukuko kuti mupewe kupitilira kapena kuchepera.

3. Etching Njira

Zida ndi Njira:

• Makina Odzaza:Amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga ferric chloride kapena ammonium persulfate kuchotsa mkuwa wosafunikira, kusiya njira zotsatsira.
• Spray Etching:Amapereka etching yunifolomu ndipo ndi oyenera kupanga mwatsatanetsatane PCB.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

• Yang'anirani etching solution ndende ndi kutentha kuonetsetsa etching yunifolomu.
• Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha ma etching solutions kuti mukhale ogwira mtima.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyenera zotetezera ndi mpweya wabwino chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa ma etching chemicals.

4. Plating Njira

Zida ndi Njira:

• Kuyika kwa Electroless Plating:Deposits wosanjikiza woonda wamkuwa pa mabowo mokhomerera ndi pamwamba PCB, kupanga conductive njira.
• Electroplating:Thickens mkuwa wosanjikiza padziko ndi mabowo, utithandize madutsidwe ndi makina mphamvu.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

• Onetsetsani kuti mwayeretsa ndikutsegula malo a PCB musanayambe plating.
• Yang'anirani mapangidwe ndi zikhalidwe za kusamba kwa plating kuti mukwaniritse makulidwe a yunifolomu.
• Yang'anani nthawi zonse mtundu wa plating kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira.

5. Copper Lamination

Zida ndi Njira:

• Lamination Machine:Amapaka zojambulazo zamkuwa ku gawo lapansi la PCB kupyolera mu kutentha ndi kupanikizika, kuteteza mkuwa.
• Kuyeretsa ndi Kukonzekera:Imawonetsetsa kuti gawo lapansi ndi zojambulazo zamkuwa ndi zoyera kuti zimamatira bwino.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

• Kuwongolera kutentha ndi kukakamiza kuonetsetsa kuti zojambulazo za mkuwa zimamatira.
• Pewani thovu ndi makwinya zomwe zingakhudze kulumikizana kwa trace ndi kudalirika.
• Chitani macheke amtundu pambuyo pa lamination kuti muwonetsetse kufanana ndi kukhulupirika kwa wosanjikiza wamkuwa.

6. Kubowola

Zida ndi Njira:

• Makina Obowola a CNC:Amabowola ndendende mabowo a vias, mabowo omangika, ndi zida zapabowo, zokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi kuya.
• Drill Bits:Amapangidwa kuchokera ku tungsten carbide, ma bits awa ndi olimba komanso olondola.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

• Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha mabowola kuti mupewe zolakwika pakubowola.
• Control pobowola liwiro ndi mlingo chakudya kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu PCB.
• Gwiritsani ntchito makina oyendera okha kuti muwonetsetse kuti mabowo ali olondola komanso makulidwe ake.

7.Kuyeretsa ndi Kuyendera Komaliza

Zida ndi Njira:

• Zida Zoyeretsera:Amachotsa mankhwala otsalira ndi zonyansa kuchokera pamwamba pa PCB, kuonetsetsa ukhondo.
• Kuyang'ana Komaliza:Amachitidwa pamanja kuti atsimikizire kukhulupirika komanso mtundu wonse.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

• Gwiritsani ntchito zoyeretsera zoyenera ndi njira zopewera kuwonongeka kwa PCB.
• Onetsetsani kuti mukuwunika komaliza kuti muzindikire ndikuwongolera zolakwika zilizonse zomwe zatsala.
• Sungani zolemba zatsatanetsatane ndikulemba zolemba kuti muzitha kutsata gulu lililonse.

Mapeto

Kupanga ma trace a PCB ndi njira yovuta komanso yolondola yomwe imafunikira zida zapadera komanso kusamalitsa mwatsatanetsatane. Gawo lirilonse, kuchokera pakupanga mpaka kupangidwa kwa ziwonetsero, liyenera kuchitidwa molondola kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire mtundu ndi kudalirika kwa PCB yomaliza. Potsatira machitidwe abwino ndikukhalabe okhwima, opanga amatha kupanga ma PCB omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba yogwira ntchito komanso yolimba, kukwaniritsa zofuna zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi.