Isesengura no Kugabanya Urusaku rw'amashanyarazi Urusaku rwinshi-rwihuta rwa PCB

Muri PCB cyanes, urusaku rwamashanyarazi rugaragara nkuburyo bukomeye bwo kwivanga. Iyi ngingo ikora isesengura ryuzuye kubiranga n'inkomoko y'urusaku rw'amashanyarazi muri PCB nyinshi, kandi itanga ibisubizo bifatika kandi bifatika bishingiye kubikorwa bya injeniyeri.

A．Isesengura ry'urusaku rw'amashanyarazi

Urusaku rwo gutanga amashanyarazi bivuga urusaku rwatewe cyangwa rwahagaritswe no gutanga amashanyarazi ubwayo. Uku kwivanga kugaragara mu bice bikurikira:

1. Urusaku rwatanzwe ruturuka kuriimpedancey'amashanyarazi. Mumuzunguruko mwinshi, urusaku rwamashanyarazi rugira ingaruka cyane kubimenyetso byihuta. Kubwibyo, icyambere gisabwa ni urusaku rukeamashanyarazi. Icyangombwa kimwe nubutaka busukuye no gutanga amashanyarazi.

Mubihe byiza, amashanyarazi yabanta mbogamizi, bikavamo nta rusaku. Ariko, mubikorwa, amashanyarazi afite inzitizi runaka, ikwirakwizwa mumashanyarazi yose, bigatuma urusaku rwinshi. Niyo mpamvu, hakwiye gushyirwamo ingufu kugirango hagabanuke inzitizi zitangwa n’amashanyarazi. Nibyiza kugira abiyeguriye Imana indegenaindege y'ubutaka. Mu gishushanyo mbonera cy’umuzunguruko, muri rusange ni byiza cyane gushushanya amashanyarazi mu byiciro aho kuba mu buryo bwa bisi, ukemeza ko umuzenguruko uhora ukurikira inzira hamwe n’inzitizi nkeya. Byongeye kandi, ikibaho cyamashanyarazi gitanga aIkimenyetsokubimenyetso byose byakozwe kandi byakiriwe kuri PCB, bityo kugabanya ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso no kugabanya urusaku.

2. Uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza imirima: Ubu bwoko bwo kwivanga bujyanye n urusaku hagati yumuriro nubutaka. Bituruka ku kwivanga kwatewe nu muzingo wakozwe numuzunguruko wahungabanye hamwe nuburyo busanzwe bwa voltage ituruka kumurongo rusange. Ubunini bushingiye kumashanyarazi ugereranije na magnetique, kandi ubukana bwayo buri hasi.

Muri iki gihe, igabanuka ryubu (Ic) riganisha kuri voltage-isanzwe ya voltage murukurikiraneUmuzingo, bigira ingaruka ku gice cyo kwakira. NibaUmwanya wa rukuruziyiganje, uburyo busanzwe bwa voltage yakozwe murukurikirane rw'ubutaka butangwa na formula:

ΔB muri formula (1) yerekana ihinduka ryimbaraga za magnetic induction, zapimwe muri Wb / m²; S yerekana agace muri m².

Kuri anamashanyarazi, iyo i amashanyarazi agaciro karazwi, voltage yatewe itangwa na Equation (2), mubisanzwe ikoreshwa mugihe L = 150 / F cyangwa munsi yayo, hamwe na F ihagarariye theamashanyarazi yumurongo wumurongomuri MHz. Niba iyi mipaka irenze, ibarwa ya voltage ntarengwa yatewe irashobora koroshya ibi bikurikira:

3. Itandukaniro ryuburyo butandukanye Imirima: Ibi bivuga kwivanga hagati yumuriro wamashanyarazi nakwinjiza no gusohora ingufu z'umurongos. Mu gishushanyo nyacyo cya PCB, umwanditsi yavuze ko uruhare rwayo mu gutanga urusaku rw'amashanyarazi ari ruto, bityo rushobora gusibwa hano.
4. Kwivanga hagati: Ubu bwoko bwo kwivanga bujyanye no guhuza imirongo y'amashanyarazi. Iyo habaye ubushobozi bwa C (C) hamwe na inductance (M1-2) hagati yimirongo ibiri itandukanye, guhuza bizagaragarira mumuzunguruko niba hari voltage (VC) nubu (IC) mumasoko aturuka kumurongo:
   1. Umuvuduko uhujwe unyuze muri capacitive impedance utangwa na Equation (4), aho RV igereranya agaciro kangana naKurwanya-ImperanaKurwanya kureBya iinzitizi.
   2. Kurwanya urukurikirane binyuze muri inductive coupling: Niba hari urusaku rusanzwe rwurusaku rwamasoko, interineti ihuza interineti igaragara muburyo busanzwe ndetse nuburyo butandukanye.
5. Guhuza umurongo w'amashanyarazi: Iyi phenomenon ibaho mugihe umurongo w'amashanyarazi wohereje intambamyi kubindi bikoresho nyuma yo gukorerwakwivanga kwa electroniquekuva AC cyangwa DC inkomoko y'imbaragaIbi byerekana uburyo butaziguye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi urusaku kuri umuzenguruko mwinshis. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko urusaku rutanga amashanyarazi rushobora kuba atari rwonyine rwabyaye, ariko nanone rushobora guturuka ku kwinjiza kwivanga hanze, biganisha ku kurenga (kurasa cyangwa gukora) urusaku rwatewe na rwo, bityo bikabangamira izindi nzitizi cyangwa ibikoresho.

• Ingamba zo gukuraho gukuraho amashanyarazi urusaku rwivanga

Urebye uburyo butandukanye nimpamvu zitera amashanyarazi urusaku rwasesenguwe hejuru, ibintu biganisha ku rusaku rwamashanyarazi birashobora guhungabana byumwihariko, bikabuza guhagarika kwivanga. Ibisubizo bikurikira birasabwa:

• Icyitonderwa kuriUbuyobozi Binyuze mu mwobos: Binyuze mu mwobo birakenewegufunguras kuamashanyarazikwakira ibice byabo. Niba gufungura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ari binini cyane, birashobora kugira ingaruka ku kimenyetso cyerekana ibimenyetso, guhatira ibimenyetso kurenga no kongera ahantu hamwe n'urusaku. Niba imirongo imwe yikimenyetso yibanze hafi yo gufungura no gusangira uyu muzingo, impedance isanzwe irashobora kuganisha kumihanda.
• Umuyoboro uhagije wububiko bwinsinga: Buri kimenyetso gisaba icyerekezo cyihariye cyihariye, hamwe nikimenyetso hamwe nu gace kagizwe ntoya nkibishoboka, byemeza guhuza.
• Gushyira Amashanyarazi Amashanyarazi Akayunguruzo: Akayunguruzo gahagarika neza urusaku rwimbere rwamashanyarazi, rwongera sisitemukurwanya kwivangan'umutekano. Ikora nk'inzira ebyiriAkayunguruzo ka RF, gushungura urusaku rwivanga rwatangijwe kumurongo wamashanyarazi (kubuza kwivanga mubindi bikoresho) n urusaku rwonyine (kugirango wirinde kwivanga nibindi bikoresho), kimwe nuburyo bwambukiranya uburyo busanzwe.
• KwigungaGuhindura: Ibi bitandukanya uburyo-busanzwe bwubutaka bwaamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi, gutandukanya neza uburyo-busanzwe bwa loop ikorwa kuri frequency nyinshi.
• Amabwiriza agenga ingufu: Kugarura amashanyarazi asukuye birashobora kugabanya cyane urusaku rwamashanyarazi.
• Wiring: Imirongo yinjiza nibisohoka mumashanyarazi bigomba kubikwa kure yuruhande rwikibaho cya dielectric kugirango birinde kubyara imirasire no kubangamira indi miyoboro cyangwa ibikoresho.
• Gutandukanya Analog hamwe na Digital Power Supplies: Ibikoresho byumuvuduko mwinshi mubisanzwe byumva cyane urusaku rwa digitale, kubwibyo byombi bigomba kwigunga kandi bigahuzwa hamwe kumuryango wamashanyarazi. Niba ikimenyetso gikeneye kurenga byombi bigereranywa na digitale, umugozi urashobora gushyirwa hejuru yikimenyetso kugirango ugabanye umwanya.
• Irinde guhuzagurika Gutandukanya amashanyarazi atandukanye hagati yinzego zitandukanye: Kugerageza kubatitira kugirango urusaku rwamashanyarazi rudahuzwa byoroshye binyuze mubushobozi bwa parasitike.
• Gutandukanya ibyiyumvo byihariye: Ibigize nkibice bifunze feri (PLLs) byumva cyane urusaku rwamashanyarazi kandi bigomba kubikwa kure hashoboka biturutse kumashanyarazi.
• Gushyira ingufu za Cord: Gushyira umurongo wamashanyarazi kuruhande rwumurongo wibimenyetso, birashobora kugabanya ibimenyetso byikimenyetso no kugabanya urusaku.
• Bypass Path Grounding: Kugira ngo wirinde urusaku rwinshi ruterwa no kubangamira amashanyarazi ku kibaho cy’umuzunguruko no kubangamira amashanyarazi yo hanze, inzira nyabagendwa irashobora guhagarara ku nzira ibangamira (ukuyemo imirasire), bigatuma urusaku runyura hasi kandi rukirinda kwivanga. ibindi bikoresho n'ibikoresho.

Mu mwanzuro:Urusaku rw'amashanyarazi, rwaba rwarakozwe mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye biturutse ku mashanyarazi, bibangamira uruziga. Mugihe cyo guhagarika ingaruka zayo kumuzunguruko, hagomba gukurikizwa ihame rusange: kugabanya ingaruka zurusaku rwamashanyarazi kumuzunguruko mugihe nanone bigabanya ingaruka ziva hanze cyangwa uruziga kumashanyarazi kugirango hirindwe kwangirika kw urusaku rwamashanyarazi.