Ongororo uye Kudzikiswa kweSimba Rekupa Ruzha mune Yakakwira-Frequency PCB Dhizaini Maitirwo

In high-frequency PCBs, ruzha rwemagetsi emagetsi runomira senzira yakakosha yekuvhiringidza. Ichi chinyorwa chinoitisa kuongororwa kwakadzama kwehunhu uye mabviro emagetsi eruzha mune yakakwirira-frequency PCBs, uye inopa inoshanda uye inoshanda mhinduro yakavakirwa painjiniya maapplication.

A.Ongororo yeSimba Rekupa Noise

Mutsindo wemagetsi zvinoreva ruzha rwunogadzirwa kana kukanganiswa nemagetsi pachawo. Kukanganisa uku kunoonekwa muzvikamu zvinotevera:

1. Kuparadzirwa ruzha rwunobva kuinherent impedanceyemagetsi. Mune high-frequency circuits, simba rekupa ruzha rinokanganisa zvakanyanya-high-frequency signals. Nokudaro, chinodiwa chekutanga ndechekuderera-ruzhamagetsi. Zvakaenzana zvakakosha ivhu rakachena uye magetsi.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, magetsi emagetsi angaveimpedance-isina, zvichiita kuti pasava noruzha. Nekudaro, mukuita, iyo magetsi ine imwe impedance, iyo inogoverwa kune iyo yese magetsi, zvichitungamira kune superimposition yeruzha. Nokudaro, kuedza kunofanira kuitwa kuderedza simba rekupa impedance. Zviri nani kuve neakazvitsaurira ndege yemagetsiuyepasi ndege. Mune yakakwirira-frequency dhizaini dhizaini, inowanzo shanda kugadzira magetsi mumatanho kwete mune yebhazi fomati, kuve nechokwadi chekuti loop inoramba ichitevera nzira ine zvishoma impedance. Uyezve, bhodhi remagetsi rinopa achiratidzo loopkune ese masaini anogadzirwa uye anogashirwa paPCB, nekudaro kuderedza chiratidzo chechiratidzo uye kuderedza ruzha.

2. Yakajairwa Mode Munda Kupindira: Iyi mhando yekuvhiringidza ine chekuita neruzha pakati pemagetsi uye pasi. Iyo inomuka kubva mukukanganiswa kunokonzerwa ne loop yakaumbwa neyakavhiringidzwa redunhu uye yakajairika mode voltage inokonzerwa neyakajairwa referensi nzvimbo. Ukuru hunoenderana nemagetsi uye magineti minda, uye kusimba kwayo kwakaderera.

Mune ino mamiriro, kudzikira kweazvino (Ic) kunotungamira kune yakajairika-modhi voltage munhevedzanoloop yazvino, zvichikanganisa chikamu chekugamuchira. Kana iyomagnetic fieldpredominates, iyo yakajairika mode voltage inogadzirwa munhevedzano yepasi loop inopiwa neformula:

ΔB mufomula (1) inomiririra shanduko mune magineti induction intensity, yakayerwa muWb/m²; S inoreva nzvimbo iri mum².

For anelectromagnetic munda, apo iyo munda wemagetsi kukosha kunozivikanwa, iyo induced voltage inopiwa neEquation (2), iyo inowanzoshanda kana L=150/F kana pasi, F inomiririraelectromagnetic wave frequencymuMHz. Kana muganho uyu ukapfuudzwa, kuverenga kweiyo yakanyanya induced voltage inogona kurerutswa sezvizvi:

3. Differential Mode Munda Kupindira: Izvi zvinoreva kukanganisa pakati pesimba rekupa uyekupinza uye kubuda simba tambos. Mune chaiyo PCB dhizaini, munyori akaona kuti kubatsira kwayo kune ruzha rwemagetsi kushoma, uye nekudaro inogona kusiiwa pano.
4. Interline Kupindira: Iyi mhando yekuvhiringidza ine chekuita nekukanganisika pakati petambo dzemagetsi. Kana paine mutual capacitance (C) uye mutual inductance (M1-2) pakati pemaseketi maviri akasiyana anoenderana, kupindira kunozoonekwa munharaunda yakakanganisika kana paine voltage (VC) uye yazvino (IC) munharaunda yekukanganisa sosi:
   1. Iyo voltage yakabatanidzwa kuburikidza necapacitive impedance inopiwa neEquation (4), apo RV inomiririra kukosha kwakafanana kweiyo.pedyo-kuguma kushorwauyekure-kuguma kurambayeakapindira dunhu.
   2. Series kuramba kuburikidza inductive coupling: Kana paine yakajairwa modhi ruzha mune yekukanganisa sosi, iyo interline interline inowanzoitika mune ese ari maviri modhi uye yekusiyanisa maitiro.
5. Power Line Coupling: Chiitiko ichi chinoitika kana tambo yemagetsi ichiendesa kukanganisa kune mamwe maturusi mushure mekuiswaelectromagnetic kupindirakubva ku AC kana DC power sourceIzvi zvinomiririra imwe nzira isina kunanga yemagetsi ekupa ruzha kukanganisa pa high-frequency circuits. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ruzha rwemagetsi emagetsi anogona kunge asiri ega anozvigadzira, asi anogona zvakare mhedzisiro kubva kunze kwekukanganisa induction, zvichitungamira kune superimposition (yakavhenekerwa kana kuitiswa) yeruzha rwunogadzirwa wega, nekudaro kukanganisa mamwe maseketi kana zvishandiso.

• Countermeasures yekubvisa Power Supply Noise Kupindira

Tichifunga nezve kuratidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye zvikonzero zvekuvhiringidza kwemagetsi ekupa ruzha zvakaongororwa pamusoro, mamiriro ezvinhu anotungamira kune ruzha rwemagetsi anogona kukanganiswa zvakananga, achidzvinyirira kupindira. Mazano anotevera anokurudzirwa:

• Attention toBoard Through Holes: Kuburikidza nemakomba zvinodaetching kuvhuras pamagetsi ekupa layerkuti vagadzirise nzira yavo. Kana iyo yekuvhurika yemagetsi yakakurisa, inogona kukanganisa chiratidzo chechiratidzo, ichimanikidza chiratidzo kuti chipfuure uye kuwedzera loop nzvimbo uye ruzha. Kana mamwe mitsara yemasaini yakanamirwa padhuze nekuvhurwa uye kugovera iyi loop, yakajairika impedance inogona kutungamira kune crosstalk.
• Yakakwana Ground Wire yeCables: Yese siginecha inoda yayo yakatsaurwa yechiratidzo loop, ine chiratidzo uye loop nzvimbo inochengetwa idiki sezvinobvira, ichiva nechokwadi chekuenderana.
• Kuiswa kweSimba Supply Noise Sefa: Iyi sefa inonyatso kudzvanya mukati memagetsi ruzha ruzha, inosimudzira sisitimu.anti-kupindirauye kuchengeteka. Inoshanda senzira mbiriRF sefa, kusefa kunze kwekukanganisa kweruzha kwakaunzwa kubva mutambo yemagetsi (kudzivirira kukanganiswa kubva kune mamwe maturusi) uye ruzha rwunogadzirwa pacharwo (kudzivisa kukanganiswa nemimwe michina), pamwe nekuyambuka-modhi inojairwa kukanganiswa.
• Simba Kuzviparadzanisa nevamweTransformer: Izvi zvinotsaura iyo yakajairika-modhi yepasi loop yesimba rekupa loopo chiratidzo tambo, inonyatso kupatsanura common-mode loop current inogadzirwa pahigh frequencies.
• Power Regulation: Kudzoreredza magetsi ekuchenesa magetsi kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya ruzha rwemagetsi.
• Wiring: Iyo yekupinza uye inobuda mitsetse yemagetsi inopihwa inofanira kuchengetedzwa kure nekumucheto kweiyo dielectric board kudzivirira kuburitsa radiation uye kukanganisa mamwe maseketi kana michina.
• Yakaparadzana Analog uye Digital Power Supplies: Yakakwira-frequency zvishandiso zvinowanzonzwa zvakanyanya kune ruzha rwedhijitari, saka izvo zviviri zvinofanirwa kuve zvakasarudzika uye zvakabatana pamwechete pamusuwo wemagetsi. Kana chiratidzo chichida kuyambuka ese analog nedhijitari madomasi, loop inogona kuiswa kune iyo chiratidzo kudzikisa loop nzvimbo.
• Dzivisa Kupindirana Kwemagetsi Akaparadzana Pakati Pematanho Akasiyana: Edza kuatenderedza kudzivirira kuti ruzha rwemagetsi risasanganisike nyore kuburikidza neparasitic capacitance.
• Isolate Sensitive Components: Zvikamu zvakaita sechikamu-chakakiyiwa zvishwe (PLLs) zvine hanya zvakanyanya neruzha rwemagetsi uye zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa kure sezvinobvira kubva kune magetsi.
• Kuiswa Kwetambo Yemagetsi: Kuisa tambo yemagetsi padivi pechiratidzo mutsara, kunogona kuderedza chiratidzo chechiratidzo uye kuwana kuderedza ruzha.
• Bypass Path Grounding: Kudzivirira ruzha rwakaunganidzwa rwunokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi pabhodhi redunhu uye kupindira kwemagetsi ekunze, nzira yekupfuura inogona kudzikwa munzira yekukanganisa (kunze kwemwaranzi), ichibvumira ruzha kuti rwupfuure pasi uye kudzivirira kukanganiswa. zvimwe midziyo nemichina.

Mukupedzisa:Simba rekupa ruzha, ringave rakagadzirwa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kubva kune magetsi, rinokanganisa dunhu. Pakudzvanyirira pesvedzero yaro padunhu, mutemo wakajairwa unofanirwa kuteverwa: kuderedza kukonzeresa kweruzha rwemagetsi padunhu uchidzikisawo pesvedzero yezvinhu zvekunze kana dunhu pamagetsi ekudzivirira kuderedzwa kweruzha rwemagetsi.