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PCB Trace Manufacturing process: Zvishandiso, Tekinoroji, uye Mafungiro Akakosha

Kugadzirwa kwePrinted Circuit Board (PCB) traces inhanho yakakosha muPCB kugadzira maitiro. Iyi nzira inosanganisira nhanho dzakawanda, kubva pakugadzirwa kwedunhu kusvika pakugadzirwa chaiko kwematehwe, kuve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinoita zvakavimbika. Pazasi pane pfupiso yakadzama yemidziyo, maitirwo, uye zvakakosha zvinosanganisirwa mukutsvaga kugadzira.

1.Trace Design

Zvishandiso uye Techniques:

• CAD Software:Zvishandiso zvakaita seAltium Dhizaini, Gondo, uye KiCAD zvakakosha pakugadzira zviteshi zvePCB. Vanobatsira kugadzira dhiyagiramu yedunhu uye marongero, kugadzirisa bhodhi rekuita kwemagetsi uye kushanda.
• Gerber Mafaira:Mushure mekupedzwa kwekugadzira, mafaira eGerber anogadzirwa. Aya mafaera ndiwo akajairwa fomati yePCB yekugadzira, ine ruzivo rwakadzama nezvega rega rega rePCB.

Mafungiro Akakosha:

• Ita shuwa kuti dhizaini inotevedzera indasitiri zviyero uye kuita Dhizaini Rule Cheki (DRC) kudzivirira zvikanganiso.
• Gadzirisa dhizaini kuti uderedze kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo uye kuwedzera kushanda kwemagetsi.
• Simbisa kurongeka kwemafaira eGerber kudzivirira nyaya panguva yekugadzira.

2. Photolithography

Zvishandiso uye Techniques:

• Photoplotter:Inoshandura dhizaini yeCAD kuita mafotomasks anoshandiswa kutamisa trace mapatani kuPCB.
• Exposure Unit:Inoshandisa ultraviolet (UV) mwenje kuendesa iyo photomask mapatani pane iyo photoresist-yakavharidzirwa yemhangura-clad laminate.
• Developer:Inobvisa iyo isina kuvharwa photoresist, ichiratidza mhangura yekutevera mapatani.

Mafungiro Akakosha:

• Ita shuwa kurongeka chaiko kwemafotomasks ane laminate kudzivirira maitiro ekutsauka.
• Chengetedza nzvimbo yakachena kudzivirira guruva uye zvinosvibisa kubva pakukanganisa kuchinjisa maitiro.
• Dzora kuratidzwa uye nguva dzekusimudzira kudzivirira pamusoro kana pasi-budiriro nyaya.

3. Etching Process

Zvishandiso uye Techniques:

• Etching Machine:Inoshandisa zvigadziriso zvemakemikari senge ferric chloride kana ammonium persulfate kubvisa mhangura isingadikanwi, ichisiya kumashure maitiro ekutsvaga.
• Spray Etching:Inopa yunifomu etching uye inokodzera yakakwirira-chaiyo PCB kugadzirwa.

Mafungiro Akakosha:

• Monitor etching solution concentration uye tembiricha kuve nechokwadi etching etching.
• Gara uchitarisa uye kutsiva etching mhinduro kuchengetedza kushanda.
• Shandisa yakakodzera midziyo yekuchengetedza uye kufefetera nekuda kwenjodzi yemhando yemakemikari etching.

4. Plating Process

Zvishandiso uye Techniques:

• Electroless Plating:Deposits yakatetepa yemhangura pamakomba akacherwa uye iyo PCB pamusoro, ichigadzira nzira dzekufambisa.
• Electroplating:Inokora mhangura pamusoro uye mumakomba, inosimudzira conductivity uye simba remuchina.

Mafungiro Akakosha:

• Ita shuwa kucheneswa kwakakwana uye activation yePCB nzvimbo isati yaiswa.
• Tarisa kuumbwa uye mamiriro ekugezera ekugezera kuti uwane yunifomu ukobvu.
• Gara uchiongorora kunaka kweplating kuti usangane nezvinodiwa.

5. Copper Lamination

Zvishandiso uye Techniques:

• Lamination Machine:Inoshandisa foil yemhangura kuPCB substrate kuburikidza nekupisa uye kumanikidza, kuchengetedza iyo mhangura layer.
• Kuchenesa uye Kugadzirira:Inovimbisa kuti substrate nemhangura foil nzvimbo dzakachena kuvandudza kunamatira.

Mafungiro Akakosha:

• Dzora tembiricha uye kudzvanywa kuti uve nechokwadi chekunamira kwemhangura foil.
• Dzivisa mabubble uye wrinkles zvinogona kukanganisa trace yekubatanidza uye kuvimbika.
• Ita macheki emhando mushure me lamination kuti uone kufanana uye kutendeseka kwemhangura layer.

6. Kuchera

Zvishandiso uye Techniques:

• CNC Drilling Machine:Kunyatso dhiraivha maburi eVias, makomba anokwirisa, uye kuburikidza-mugomba zvinoriumba, zvinogara hukuru hwakasiyana nekudzika.
• Drill Bits:Kazhinji inogadzirwa kubva ku tungsten carbide, aya mabheti anogara uye akajeka.

Mafungiro Akakosha:

• Gara uchiongorora uye kutsiva zvibooresa kuti udzivise kusarongeka mukuchera.
• Dzora kumhanyisa kuchera uye chiyero chekudya kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwezvinhu zvePCB.
• Shandisa otomatiki ekuongorora masisitimu kuti uone kurongeka kwegomba uye hukuru.

7.Kuchenesa uye Kuongorora Kwekupedzisira

Zvishandiso uye Techniques:

• Zvishandiso zvekuchenesa:Inobvisa makemikari akasara uye zvinosvibisa kubva paPCB pamusoro, kuve nechokwadi chekuchena.
• Yekupedzisira Visual Inspection:Kuitwa pamawoko kuratidza kurongeka kwechokwadi uye huwandu hwese.

Mafungiro Akakosha:

• Shandisa zvakakodzera kuchenesa vamiririri uye nzira kudzivirira kukanganisa PCB.
• Ita shuwa yekunyatsoongorora kwekupedzisira kuona uye kugadzirisa chero chikanganiso chasara.
• Chengetedza marekodhi akadzama uye kunyora mazita ekutevedzwa kwebatch yega yega.

Mhedziso

Kugadzirwa kwePCB traces inzira yakaoma uye chaiyo inoda hunyanzvi michina uye kunyatsotarisisa kune zvakadzama. Nhanho imwe neimwe, kubva pakugadzira kusvika pakuumbwa kwematehwe, inofanirwa kuitwa nehupamhi hwepamusoro kuve nechokwadi chemhando uye kuvimbika kwePCB yekupedzisira. Nekuomerera kune akanakisa maitiro uye nekuchengetedza kuomarara kwehutongi hwemhando, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira maPCB anosangana nemazinga epamusoro ekuita uye kusimba, achizadzisa zvinodiwa zveakasiyana emagetsi maapplication.