Boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng ke eng?
PCB Trace Manufacturing Process: Thepa, Mekhoa, le Lintlha Tse ka Sehloohong
Ho etsoa ha mesaletsa ea Printed Circuit Board (PCB) ke mohato oa bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea PCB. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e mengata, ho tloha ho moralo oa potoloho ho ea ho sebopeho sa sebele sa litsela, ho netefatsa hore sehlahisoa sa ho qetela se sebetsa ka botšepehi. Ka tlase ke kakaretso e qaqileng ea lisebelisoa, lits'ebetso, le lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amehang tlhahisong ea morao-rao.
1.Trace Design
Thepa le Mekhoa:
- CAD Software:Lisebelisoa tse kang Altium Designer, Eagle, le KiCAD li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho rala mekhoa ea PCB. Ba thusa ho theha litšoantšo tsa potoloho le meralo, ho ntlafatsa boto bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea motlakase le ts'ebetso.
- Lifaele tsa Gerber:Ka mor'a hore moralo o phethoe, lifaele tsa Gerber li hlahisoa. Lifaele tsena ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho etsa PCB, o nang le lintlha tse qaqileng mabapi le karolo ka 'ngoe ea PCB.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa:
- Netefatsa hore moralo o latela maemo a indasteri mme o etsa Licheke Molao oa Moralo (DRC) ho qoba liphoso.
- Ntlafatsa sebopeho ho fokotsa tšitiso ea lets'oao le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea motlakase.
- Netefatsa ho nepahala ha lifaele tsa Gerber ho thibela litaba nakong ea tlhahiso.
2. Photolithography
Thepa le Mekhoa:
- Photoplotter:E fetolela meralo ea CAD ho li-photomasks tse sebelisoang ho fetisetsa lipaterone tsa mohlala ho PCB.
- Yuniti ea Exposure:E sebelisa leseli la ultraviolet (UV) ho fetisetsa mekhoa ea photomask holim'a laminate e koahetsoeng ka koporo e koahetsoeng ke photoresist.
- Moetsi:E tlosa photoresist e sa hlahisoang, e senola mekhoa ea koporo ea koporo.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa:
- Etsa bonnete ba hore fotomask e tsamaisana hantle le laminate ho qoba ho kheloha ha mohlala.
- Boloka tikoloho e hloekileng ho thibela lerōle le litšila ho ama phetiso ea mohlala.
- Laola ho pepeseha le linako tsa ntlafatso ho qoba mathata a fetang kapa a tlase ho nts'etsopele.
3. Etching Process
Thepa le Mekhoa:
- Mochini oa ho Etching:E sebelisa litharollo tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kang ferric chloride kapa ammonium persulfate ho tlosa koporo e sa batleheng, ho siea mekhoa ea morao-rao.
- Spray Etching:E fana ka etching e tšoanang 'me e loketse tlhahiso e phahameng ea PCB.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa:
- Ela hloko mahloriso a tharollo ea etching le mocheso ho netefatsa hore etching e ts'oanang.
- Kamehla hlahloba le ho fetola litharollo tsa etching ho boloka ts'ebetso.
- Sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa tšireletso le moea o kenang ka lebaka la kotsi ea lik'hemik'hale tsa etching.
4. Mokhoa oa Plating
Thepa le Mekhoa:
- Plating e se nang Motlakase:Li-deposit tse tšesaane tsa koporo holim'a masoba a chekang le holim'a PCB, ho theha litsela tse tsamaisang.
- Electroplating:E tiisa lera la koporo holim'a metsi le ka mekoting, e matlafatsa conductivity le matla a mochine.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa:
- Netefatsa hore ho hloekisoa ka botlalo le ho kenya tšebetsong bokaholimo ba PCB pele u pola.
- Lekola sebopeho le maemo a ho hlapa ho plating ho fihlela botenya bo lekanang.
- Kamehla hlahloba boleng ba plating ho fihlela litlhoko tse boletsoeng.
5. Copper Lamination
Thepa le Mekhoa:
- Mochini oa Lamination:E sebelisa foil ea koporo ho substrate ea PCB ka mocheso le khatello, ho boloka lera la koporo.
- Ho Hloekisa le ho Itokisa:E etsa bonnete ba hore bokaholimo ba li-substrate le li-foil tsa koporo li hloekile ho ntlafatsa ho khomarela.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa:
- Laola mocheso le khatello ho netefatsa hore esita le ho khomarela foil ea koporo.
- Qoba li-bubble le wrinkles tse ka amang khokahanyo ea trace le ho tšepahala.
- Etsa licheke tsa boleng ka mor'a lamination ho etsa bonnete ba ho lumellana le botšepehi ba lera la koporo.
6. Ho cheka
Thepa le Mekhoa:
- Mochini oa ho Epa oa CNC:Ka nepo o phunya masoba bakeng sa vias, likoti tse ntseng li eketseha, le likarolo tsa lesoba, tse amohelang boholo bo fapaneng le botebo.
- Li-Drill Bits:Ka tloaelo li entsoe ka tungsten carbide, likotoana tsena li tšoarella ebile li nepahetse.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa:
- Kamehla hlahloba le ho fetola likotoana tsa ho cheka ho qoba ho se nepahale ha ho cheka.
- Laola lebelo la ho cheka le sekhahla sa phepelo ho thibela tšenyo ea thepa ea PCB.
- Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse ikemetseng ho netefatsa boemo bo nepahetseng ba mekoti le boholo.
7.Ho Hloekisa le ho Hlahloba ho Qetela
Thepa le Mekhoa:
- Lisebelisoa tsa ho Hloekisa:E tlosa lik'hemik'hale tse setseng le litšila sebakeng sa PCB, ho netefatsa bohloeki.
- Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela ka Pono:E etsoa ka letsoho ho netefatsa boits'oaro ba trace le boleng ka kakaretso.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa:
- Sebelisa liakhente tse nepahetseng tsa ho hloekisa le mekhoa ea ho qoba tšenyo ea PCB.
- Etsa bonnete ba tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ea ho qetela ho tseba le ho lokisa liphoso tse setseng.
- Boloka lirekoto tse felletseng le lileibole bakeng sa ho lateloa ha sehlopha ka seng.
Qetello
Ho etsa mesaletsa ea PCB ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng le e nepahetseng e hlokang lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le tlhokomelo e hlokolosi ho lintlha. Mohato o mong le o mong, ho tloha ho moralo ho ea ho sebopeho sa mesaletsa, o tlameha ho etsoa ka nepo e phahameng ho netefatsa boleng le ts'epahalo ea PCB ea ho qetela. Ka ho khomarela mekhoa e metle le ho boloka taolo e matla ea boleng, bahlahisi ba ka hlahisa li-PCB tse finyellang litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa tshebetso le ho tšoarella, ho phethahatsa litlhoko tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike.
