Uhlahlelo kunye nokuNcitshiswa kweNgxolo yokuBonelelwa koMbane kwiNkqubo yoYilo lwePCB ekwiFrequency ephezulu

Kwi i-PCB ephezulus, ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla ibonakala njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokuphazamiseka. Eli nqaku lenza uhlalutyo olubanzi lweempawu kunye nemvelaphi yengxolo yonikezelo lwamandla kwi-PCB ephezulu, kwaye inikezela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo ezisekelwe kwizicelo zobunjineli.

A.Uhlalutyo lweNgxolo yokuBonelelwa koMbane

Ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla ibhekisa kwingxolo eyenziwe okanye ephazanyiswe ngumbane ngokwawo. Olu phazamiso lubonakala kule miba ilandelayo:

1. Ingxolo esasaziweyo evela kwiimpedans engokwemveloyonikezelo lwamandla. Kwiisekethe eziphezulu ze-frequency, ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla ichaphazela kakhulu imiqondiso ye-frequency ephezulu. Ngoko ke, imfuno yokuqala yingxolo ephantsiukunikezwa Amandla. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ngumhlaba ococekileyo kunye nombane.

Kwimeko efanelekileyo, unikezelo lwamandla luya kubai-impedance-free, okubangela kungabikho ngxolo. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, unikezelo lwamandla lune-impedance ethile, esasazwa kuwo wonke unikezelo lwamandla, ekhokelela ekuphakameni kwengxolo. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokunciphisa ukungabikho kombane. Kukhethwa ukuba ube nokuzinikela inqwelomoya yamandlakwayeinqwelo moya. Kuyilo lwesekethe ye-high-frequency, ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenza ngakumbi ukuyila unikezelo lwamandla kwiileya kunokuba kwifomathi yebhasi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-loop ilandela ngokuthe gqolo indlela kunye neyona nto incinci yokuthintela. Ukongeza, ibhodi amandla inika ailuphu yomqondisokuyo yonke imiqondiso eyenziweyo kwaye efunyenwe kwi-PCB, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa iluphu yomqondiso kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo.

2. Uphazamiseko lweNdawo eqhelekileyo: Olu hlobo lophazamiseko lubhekiselele kwingxolo phakathi konikezelo lwamandla kunye nomhlaba. Ivela ekuphazamiseni okubangelwa yi-loop eyenziwe yi-circuit ephazamisayo kunye ne-voltage yemowudi eqhelekileyo ephuma kwindawo yereferensi eqhelekileyo. Ubukhulu buxhomekeke kumbane ohambelanayo kunye nemagnethi, kwaye ubukhulu bayo buphantsi.

Kule meko, ukuhla kwe-current (Ic) kukhokelela kwi-voltage yendlela eqhelekileyo kuluhluiluphu yangoku, echaphazela icandelo lokufumana. Ukuba iumhlaba wemagnethiUkongamela, amandla ombane emowudi eqhelekileyo aveliswa kuthotho lwelophu yomhlaba inikwa yifomula:

ΔB kwifomula (1) imele utshintsho kwi-magnetic induction intensity, elinganiselwa kwi-Wb/m²; U-S uchaza indawo ekwi-m².

Kweyeintsimi ye-electromagnetic, xa i indawo yombane Ixabiso liyaziwa, amandla ombane afakiweyo anikwe yi-Equation (2), esebenza ngokubanzi xa L=150/F okanye ngaphantsi, kunye no-F emele ii-electromagnetic wave frequencykwi MHz. Ukuba lo mda ugqithisiwe, ukubalwa kowona mbane uphezulu owenziweyo unokwenziwa lula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

3. Uphazamiseko lweNdawo yoMahluko: Oku kubhekiselele kuphazamiseko phakathi konikezelo lwamandla kunye neigalelo kunye nemveliso umgca wamandlas. Kuyilo lwePCB lokwenyani, umbhali uphawule ukuba igalelo layo kwingxolo yokubonelela ngombane lincinci, kwaye ke inokushiywa apha.
4. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Interline: Olu hlobo lophazamiseko lubhekiselele kuphazamiseko phakathi kweentambo zombane. Xa kukho i-capacitance ye-mutual (C) kunye ne-inductance (M1-2) phakathi kweesekethe ezimbini ezihambelanayo ezahlukeneyo, ukuphazamiseka kuya kubonakala kwisiphaluka esiphazamisekileyo ukuba kukho i-voltage (VC) kunye ne-current (IC) kwisiphaluka somthombo wokuphazamiseka:
   1. Amandla ombane adityaniswe kwi-capacitive impedance inikwa yi-Equation (4), apho iRV imele ixabiso elingqameneyoukumelana nokuphelakwaye iukuxhathisa okudeyeisiphaluka esiphazamisekileyo.
   2. Ukuxhathisa uchungechunge ngokudibanisa i-inductive: Ukuba kukho ingxolo yemowudi eqhelekileyo kumthombo wokuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka kwe-interline kubonakala ngokubanzi kwimodi eqhelekileyo kunye nemodi yokwahlukana.
5. Power Line Coupling: Le nto yenzeka xa intambo yombane ihambisa ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izixhobo emva kokuba iphantsi kwayoukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagneticukusuka kwi-AC okanye kwi-DC umthombo wamandlaOku kubonisa indlela engangqalanga yophazamiseko lwengxolo yonikezelo lwamandla isekethe ephezulu-frequencys. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ingxolo yobonelelo lwamandla isenokungazivelisi ngokwawo, kodwa inokuba nesiphumo sokungeniswa kophazamiseko lwangaphandle, okukhokelela ekuphakameni okuphezulu (kwemitha okanye okuqhutywayo) kwengxolo eveliswa ngokwayo, ngaloo ndlela iphazamisana nezinye iisekethe okanye izixhobo.

• Amanyathelo okuNqanda uPhando lweNgxolo yokuBonelelwa koMbane

Ukuqwalasela ukubonakaliswa okuhlukeneyo kunye nezizathu zokuphazamiseka kwengxolo yokunikezelwa kwamandla okuhlalutywa ngasentla, iimeko ezikhokelela kwingxolo yokunikezelwa kwamandla kunokuphazamiseka ngokuthe ngqo, ukucinezela ngokufanelekileyo ukuphazamiseka. Izisombululo ezilandelayo ziyacetyiswa:

• Ingqalelo kwiIbhodi ngokusebenzisa umngxumas: Ngemingxuma kufunekaetching ukuvulas kwiumaleko wonikezelo lwamandlaukulungiselela ukuhamba kwabo. Ukuba ukuvuleka kwamandla kukhulu kakhulu, kunokuchaphazela i-loop yesignali, ukunyanzela isignali ukuba idlule kwaye ikhulise indawo ye-loop kunye nengxolo. Ukuba imigca yemiqondiso ethile igxininiswe kufutshane nokuvulwa kwaye yabelane ngale loop, i-impedance eqhelekileyo inokukhokelela kwi-crosstalk.
• Ucingo olwaneleyo loMhlaba kwiiCables: Uphawu ngalunye lufuna i-loop yomqondiso ozinikeleyo, kunye nomqondiso kunye nommandla we-loop ogcinwe njengento encinci, iqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa okuhambelanayo.
• Ukubekwa kweSihluzo seNgxolo yokuBonelela amandla: Esi sihluzo sicinezela ngokufanelekileyo ingxolo yobonelelo lwangaphakathi, inkqubo yokuphucula.anti-ukuphazamisekakunye nokhuseleko. Isebenza ngeendlela ezimbiniIsihluzo se-RF, ukuhluza ukuphazamiseka kwengxolo okungeniswa kumgca wombane (ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izixhobo) kunye nengxolo eyenziwe ngokwayo (ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izixhobo), kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemowudi eqhelekileyo.
• Ukwahlulwa kwamandlaUmtshintshi: Oku kwahlula imowudi eqhelekileyo yelophu yeunikezelo lwamandla intambo yesiginali yombane, ngokufanelekileyo ukwahlula i-loop yemowudi eqhelekileyo eyenziwe ngamaza aphezulu.
• Ulawulo lwamandla: Ukubuyisela umbane ococekileyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla.
• I-Wiring: I-input and output lines of the power supply kufuneka igcinwe kude nomda webhodi ye-dielectric ukuphepha ukuvelisa i-radiation kunye nokuphazamisa ezinye iisekethe okanye izixhobo.
• I-Analog ehlukeneyo kunye ne-Digital Power Supplies: Izixhobo eziphezulu ze-frequency ngokubanzi zivakalelwa kakhulu kwingxolo yedijithali, ngoko ke ezi zimbini kufuneka zibe zodwa kwaye zidibaniswe kunye kwindawo yokungena yombane. Ukuba isignali idinga ukuwela zombini i-analog kunye ne-digital domains, i-loop inokubekwa ngaphesheya komqondiso ukunciphisa indawo ye-loop.
• Kuthintele ukuGqibelelana koBonelelo boMbane olwahlukileyo phakathi kweLeya ezahlukeneyo: Zama ukuzigxadazela ukuthintela ingxolo yobonelelo lwamandla ekubeni idityaniswe ngokulula ngesakhono separasitic.
• I-Isolate Sensitive Components: Izixhobo ezifana ne-phase-lock loops (PLLs) zinovakalelo kakhulu kwingxolo yobonelelo lwamandla kwaye kufuneka zigcinwe zikude kangangoko kunokwenzeka kubonelelo lwamandla.
• Ukubekwa kweNtambo yaMandla: Ukubeka umgca wamandla ecaleni komgca wesignali, kunokunciphisa i-loop yesignali kunye nokufezekisa ukunciphisa ingxolo.
• I-Bypass Path Grounding: Ukuthintela ingxolo eqokelelweyo ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka kombane kwibhodi yesekethe kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane wangaphandle, indlela yokudlula inokumiselwa kwindlela yokuphazamiseka (ngaphandle kwemitha), evumela ingxolo ukuba igqithwe emhlabeni kwaye ithintele ukuphazamisa. ezinye izixhobo kunye nezixhobo.

Ukuququmbela:Ingxolo yombane, nokuba yenziwe ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kumbane, iphazamisa isiphaluka. Xa ucinezela impembelelo yayo kwisekethe, umgaqo jikelele kufuneka ulandelwe: ukunciphisa impembelelo yengxolo yonikezelo lwamandla kwisekethe ngelixa unciphisa impembelelo yezinto zangaphandle okanye isekethe kunikezelo lwamandla ukuthintela ukuthotywa kwengxolo yonikezelo lwamandla.