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PCB Trace Manufacturing Process: Izixhobo, ubuChwepheshe, kunye neNgqwalasela ePhambili
Ukwenziwa kolandelelwano lweBhodi yeSekethe eShicileleyo (PCB) linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iPCB. Le nkqubo ibandakanya izigaba ezininzi, ukusuka kuyilo lwesekethe ukuya ekubunjweni kwangempela kwemikhondo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela yenza ngokuthembekileyo. Apha ngezantsi kukho isishwankathelo esineenkcukacha zezixhobo, iinkqubo, kunye neengqwalasela eziphambili ezibandakanyekayo ekuveliseni umkhondo.
1.Trace Design
Izixhobo kunye noBuchule:
- Isoftware yeCAD:Izixhobo ezifana noMyili weAltium, uKhozi, kunye neKiCAD zibalulekile ekuyileni imikhondo yePCB. Bancedisa ukudala imizobo yesiphaluka kunye nezakhiwo, ukulungiswa kwebhodi yokusebenza kombane kunye nokusebenza.
- Iifayile zeGerber:Emva kokugqitywa koyilo, iifayile zeGerber zenziwe. Ezi fayile ziyifomati eqhelekileyo yokwenziwa kwe-PCB, equlethe ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nomaleko ngamnye we-PCB.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili:
- Qinisekisa ukuba uyilo luthobela imigangatho yoshishino kwaye wenze uHlolo loMthetho woYilo (i-DRC) ukuphepha iimpazamo.
- Lungiselela uyilo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komqondiso kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kombane.
- Qinisekisa ukuchaneka kweefayile zeGerber ukukhusela imiba ngexesha lokuvelisa.
2. I-Photolithography
Izixhobo kunye noBuchule:
- Ifotoplotter:Iguqula uyilo lweCAD lube ziifotomaski ezisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iipateni zomkhondo kwiPCB.
- Iyunithi yokuSebenza:Isebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) ukudlulisa iipateni ze-photomask kwi-photoresist-coated copper-clad laminate.
- Umphuhlisi:Isusa i-photoresist engabonakaliyo, ityhila iipateni zomkhondo wobhedu.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili:
- Qinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa okuchanekileyo kweefotomasks kunye ne-laminate ukuphepha ukuphambuka kwepateni.
- Gcina indawo ecocekileyo yokukhusela uthuli kunye nokungcola okuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwepateni.
- Ulawulo lokuvezwa kunye namaxesha ophuhliso ukunqanda imiba engaphaya okanye engaphantsi kophuhliso.
3. Inkqubo ye-Etching
Izixhobo kunye noBuchule:
- Umatshini wokuQinisa:Isebenzisa izisombululo zeekhemikhali ezifana ne-ferric chloride okanye i-ammonium persulfate ukususa ubhedu olungafunekiyo, ukushiya ngasemva iipatheni zomkhondo.
- Ukutshiza ukuqhola:Inika i-etching efanayo kwaye ifanelekile kwimveliso ye-PCB ephezulu.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili:
- Ukubeka iliso etching isisombululo ukugxila kunye nobushushu ukuqinisekisa etching efanayo.
- Jonga rhoqo kwaye ubuyisele izisombululo ze-etching ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle.
- Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko kunye nokungena komoya ngenxa yobungozi beekhemikhali zokutshiza.
4. Inkqubo yoPlating
Izixhobo kunye noBuchule:
- Ukucwenga okungenaMbane:Idiphozithi umaleko obhityileyo wobhedu kwimingxuma egrunjiweyo kunye nomphezulu we-PCB, ukudala iindlela zokuqhuba.
- Electroplating:Iqinisa umaleko wobhedu kumphezulu kunye nemingxuma, iphucula i-conductivity kunye namandla omatshini.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili:
- Qinisekisa ukucocwa ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwemiphezulu ye-PCB phambi kokubekwa.
- Ukubeka iliso ekubunjweni kunye neemeko zokuhlambela ukubethelwa ukufezekisa ubukhulu obufanayo.
- Rhoqo hlola umgangatho weplating ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezibaluliweyo.
5. Copper Lamination
Izixhobo kunye noBuchule:
- Umtshini wokuLamination:Ifaka i-foil yobhedu kwi-PCB substrate ngobushushu kunye noxinzelelo, ukukhusela umaleko wobhedu.
- Ukucoca nokuLungisa:Iqinisekisa ukuba i-substrate kunye ne-foil surfaces zethusi zicocekile ukuphucula ukunamathela.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili:
- Ukulawula ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lokuqinisekisa ukubambelela nkqu kwefoyile yobhedu.
- Gwema amaqamza kunye nemibimbi enokuthi ichaphazele unxibelelwano lomkhondo kunye nokuthembeka.
- Ukuqhuba iitshekhi zomgangatho emva kokulanywa ukuqinisekisa ukufana kunye nokunyaniseka komgangatho wobhedu.
6. Ukugrumba
Izixhobo kunye noBuchule:
- Umatshini woKumba we-CNC:Ukugrumba ngokuchanekileyo imingxuma ye-vias, imingxuma yokunyuka, kunye nezixhobo zokutyhubela umngxuma, ukuhlalisa ubukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nobunzulu.
- Amasuntswana oKwemba:Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe kwi-tungsten carbide, ezi bits ziqinile kwaye zichanekile.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili:
- Gcoba rhoqo kwaye utshintshe amasuntswana e-drill ukunqanda ukungachaneki ekugrumbeni.
- Lawula isantya sokomba kunye nesantya sokutya ukunqanda umonakalo kwizinto zePCB.
- Sebenzisa iisistim zokuhlola ezizihambelayo ukuze uqinisekise ukumila komngxuma ochanekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo.
7.Ukucoca kunye noHlolo lokuGqibela
Izixhobo kunye noBuchule:
- Izixhobo zokucoca:Isusa iikhemikhali ezishiyekileyo kunye nezingcolisi kumphezulu we-PCB, iqinisekisa ukucoceka.
- Uhlolo oluBonakalayo lokugqibela:Kuqhutywa ngesandla ukuqinisekisa umkhondo wemfezeko kunye nomgangatho jikelele.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili:
- Sebenzisa ii-arhente zokucoca ezifanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokuthintela umonakalo kwi-PCB.
- Qinisekisa uhlolo lokugqibela olugqibeleleyo ukuze kuchongwe kwaye kulungiswe naziphi na iziphene eziseleyo.
- Gcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha kunye nokuleyibhile ukwenzela ukulandeleka kwebhetshi nganye.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukwenziwa kolandelelwano lwePCB yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nechanekileyo efuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nengqalelo ecokisekileyo kwiinkcukacha. Inyathelo ngalinye, ukusuka kuyilo ukuya ekwenziweni komkhondo, kufuneka lenziwe ngokuchaneka okuphezulu ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kwePCB yokugqibela. Ngokubambelela kwiinkqubo ezingcono kunye nokugcina ulawulo oluluqilima lomgangatho, abavelisi banokuvelisa ii-PCB ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokusebenza kunye nokuqina, ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zezicelo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki.
